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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 11] 11.16 Instead of Changing History Characters </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly &amp; Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly &amp; Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:36:22Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch11_01.htm"TITLE="11. The Lessons of History"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch11_15.htm"TITLE="11.15 Changing C Shell History Characters with histchars "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch12_01.htm"TITLE="12. Job Control"></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch11_15.htm"TITLE="11.15 Changing C Shell History Characters with histchars "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 11.15 Changing C Shell History Characters with histchars "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 11<BR>The Lessons of History</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="CHAPTER"HREF="ch12_01.htm"TITLE="12. Job Control"><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 12. Job Control"BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE>&nbsp;<HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-7933">11.16 Instead of Changing History Characters </A></H2><PCLASS="para">If you need to use <CODECLASS="literal">!</CODE> (or your current history character)for a command (most often, a<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">uucp</EM> or <EMCLASS="emphasis">mail</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch01_33.htm"TITLE="UNIX Networking and Communications ">1.33</A>)</SPAN>command), you can type a backslash (<CODECLASS="literal">\</CODE>) before eachhistory character.You can also drop into the Bourne shell quickly (assuming that you aren'ton a system that has replaced the real Bourne shell with <EMCLASS="emphasis">bash</EM>).Either of these are probably easier than changing <EMCLASS="emphasis">histchars</EM>.For example:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>mail ora\!ishtar\!sally &lt; file1</B></CODE><ICLASS="lineannotation">Quote the !s</I>% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>sh   </B></CODE><ICLASS="lineannotation">Start the Bourne shell</I>$ <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>mail ora!ishtar!sally &lt; file1</B></CODE><ICLASS="lineannotation">! not special here</I>$ <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>exit   </B></CODE><ICLASS="lineannotation">Quit the Bourne shell</I>%   <ICLASS="lineannotation">And back to the C shell</I></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">The original Bourne shell doesn't have any kind ofhistory substitution, so <CODECLASS="literal">!</CODE> doesn't mean anything special; it's just aregular character.</P><PCLASS="para">By the way, if you have a window system, you can probably copy and paste thecommand line instead of using shell history.<ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-13430"></A></P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">ML</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch11_15.htm"TITLE="11.15 Changing C Shell History Characters with histchars "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 11.15 Changing C Shell History Characters with histchars "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="CHAPTER"HREF="ch12_01.htm"TITLE="12. 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