📄 ch17_24.htm

📁 the unix power tools
💻 HTM
字号:
<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 17] 17.24 Skipping Some Parts of a Tree in find (A More Selective -prune)</TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly &amp; Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly &amp; Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:38:45Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch17_01.htm"TITLE="17. Finding Files with find"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch17_23.htm"TITLE="17.23 Finding Files with -prune "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch17_25.htm"TITLE="17.25 Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems"></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch17_23.htm"TITLE="17.23 Finding Files with -prune "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 17.23 Finding Files with -prune "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 17<BR>Finding Files with find</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch17_25.htm"TITLE="17.25 Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems"><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 17.25 Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems"BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE>&nbsp;<HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-0364">17.24 Skipping Some Parts of a Tree in find (A More Selective -prune)</A></H2><DIVCLASS="msgset"><DIVCLASS="msgentry"><DIVCLASS="msg"><DIVCLASS="msgtext"><PCLASS="para"><BCLASS="msgentry.role">Q:</B> <ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-19935"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-19938"></A>  I want to run <EMCLASS="emphasis">find</EM> across a directory tree, skipping standarddirectories like <EMCLASS="emphasis">/usr/spool</EM> and <EMCLASS="emphasis">/usr/local/bin</EM>.A <CODECLASS="literal">-name&nbsp;</CODE><CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>dirname</I></CODE><CODECLASS="literal">&nbsp;-prune</CODE> clause won't do it because<EMCLASS="emphasis">&nbsp;- name</EM> doesn't match the whole pathname&nbsp;- just each part of it, such as<EMCLASS="emphasis">spool</EM> or <EMCLASS="emphasis">local</EM>.How can I make <EMCLASS="emphasis">find</EM> match the whole pathname,like <EMCLASS="emphasis">/usr/local/bin/</EM>, instead of <EMCLASS="emphasis">all</EM> directories named <EMCLASS="emphasis">bin</EM>?</P></DIV></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="msgentry"><DIVCLASS="msg"><DIVCLASS="msgtext"><PCLASS="para"><BCLASS="msgentry.role">A:</B>   It cannot be done directly. You <EMCLASS="emphasis">can</EM> do this:</P><PCLASS="para"><BCLASS="msgentry.role">A:</B> <TABLECLASS="screen.co"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="calloutlist"><ACLASS="co"HREF="ch44_20.htm"TITLE="44.20 test: Testing Files and Strings ">test</A> </PRE></TH><TDVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="screen">find /<CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>path</I></CODE> -exec test {} = /foo/bar -o {} = /foo/baz \; -prune -o <CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>pred</I></CODE></PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></P><PCLASS="para"><BCLASS="msgentry.role">A:</B> This will not perform <CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>pred</I></CODE> on <CODECLASS="literal">/foo/bar</CODE> and <CODECLASS="literal">/foo/baz</CODE>;if you want them done, but not any files within them, try:</P><PCLASS="para"><BCLASS="msgentry.role">A:</B> <BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">find <CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>path</I></CODE> \( -exec test <CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>test-exprs</I></CODE> \; ! -prune \) -o <CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>pred</I></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para"><BCLASS="msgentry.role">A:</B> The second version is worth close study, keeping the manual for <EMCLASS="emphasis">find</EM>at hand for reference.It shows a great deal about how <EMCLASS="emphasis">find</EM> works.</P><PCLASS="para"><BCLASS="msgentry.role">A:</B> The <EMCLASS="emphasis">-prune</EM> operator simply says &quot;do not search the current path anydeeper,&quot;and then succeeds a la <EMCLASS="emphasis">-print</EM>.</P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="msgset"><DIVCLASS="msgentry"><DIVCLASS="msg"><DIVCLASS="msgtext"><PCLASS="para"><BCLASS="msgentry.role">Q:</B>  I only want a list of pathnames; the <CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>pred</I></CODE> I use in your answerabove will be just <EMCLASS="emphasis">-print</EM>.I think I could solve my particular problem by piping the <EMCLASS="emphasis">find</EM> outputthrough a<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">sed</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch27_15.htm"TITLE="Narrowing a Search Quickly ">27.15</A>)</SPAN>or<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">egrep -v</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch27_03.htm"TITLE="Finding Text That Doesn't Match ">27.3</A>)</SPAN>filter that deletes the pathnames Idon't want to see.</P></DIV></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="msgentry"><DIVCLASS="msg"><DIVCLASS="msgtext"><PCLASS="para"><BCLASS="msgentry.role">A:</B>  That would probably be fastest.Using <EMCLASS="emphasis">test</EM> runs the <EMCLASS="emphasis">test</EM>program for each file name, which is quite slow.There's more about complex <EMCLASS="emphasis">find</EM> expressions in otherarticles, especially<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch17_06.htm"TITLE="Be an Expert on find Search Operators ">17.6</A>and<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch17_12.htm"TITLE="Finding Many Things with One Command ">17.12</A>.</P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">CT</SPAN>, <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch17_23.htm"TITLE="17.23 Finding Files with -prune "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 17.23 Finding Files with -prune "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch17_25.htm"TITLE="17.25 Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems"><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 17.25 Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems"BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">17.23 Finding Files with -prune </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">17.25 Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems</TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed &amp; awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>
⌨️ 快捷键说明

复制代码 Ctrl + C
搜索代码 Ctrl + F
全屏模式 F11
切换主题 Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键 ?
增大字号 Ctrl + =
减小字号 Ctrl + -