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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 33] 33.6 Change Many Files by Editing Just One </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:46:51Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch33_01.htm"TITLE="33. Batch Editing"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch33_05.htm"TITLE="33.5 Running Editing Scripts Within vi "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch33_07.htm"TITLE="33.7 ed/ex Batch Edits: Avoid Errors When No Match "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch33_05.htm"TITLE="33.5 Running Editing Scripts Within vi "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 33.5 Running Editing Scripts Within vi "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 33<BR>Batch Editing</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch33_07.htm"TITLE="33.7 ed/ex Batch Edits: Avoid Errors When No Match "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 33.7 ed/ex Batch Edits: Avoid Errors When No Match "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-0127">33.6 Change Many Files by Editing Just One </A></H2><TABLECLASS="para.programreference"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><ACLASS="xref.warning"HREF="ch33_08.htm"TITLE="33.8 Batch Editing Gotcha: Editors Bomb on Big Files ">Warning!</A> </TH><TDVALIGN="TOP"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-36793"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-36796"></A>The <EMCLASS="emphasis">diff</EM> command can<SPANCLASS="link">make an editing script (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch28_09.htm"TITLE="ex Scripts Built by diff ">28.9</A>)</SPAN>that you give to the<EMCLASS="emphasis">ex</EM> or <EMCLASS="emphasis">ed</EM> editorsor the<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">patch</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch33_09.htm"TITLE="patch: Generalized Updating of Files that Differ ">33.9</A>)</SPAN><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-36806"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-36808"></A>program.They'll apply your same edits to other copies of the same file.This is handy if you have a lot of copies of a big file,spread around a network or on a lot of disks, and you want to make thesame small change to all the files.Instead of sending new copies of the whole file, just have <EMCLASS="emphasis">diff</EM>make a script - and use that little script to update all the big files.</TD></TR></TABLE><PCLASS="para">Here's a demo.I'm going to modify a program called <EMCLASS="emphasis">pqs.c</EM>.Then I'll use <EMCLASS="emphasis">diff</EM> and <EMCLASS="emphasis">ed</EM> to apply the same changes toa copy of the file named <EMCLASS="emphasis">remote-pqs.c</EM> (which might be at a remotecomputer):</P><PCLASS="para"><TABLECLASS="screen.co"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="calloutlist"> <ACLASS="co"HREF="ch13_01.htm"TITLE="13.1 Using Standard Input and Output">>></A> </PRE></TH><TDVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="screen">1% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>cp pqs.c remote-pqs.c</B></CODE>2% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>cp pqs.c pqs.c.new</B></CODE>3% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>vi pqs.c.new</B></CODE>4% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>diff pqs.c pqs.c.new</B></CODE>106,107c106< fprintf(stderr,< "%s: quitting: not able to %s your .pq_profile file.\n",--> fprintf(stderr, "%s: quitting: can't %s your .pq_profile file.\n",390a390> "WARNING:",5% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>diff -e pqs.c pqs.c.new > edscr</B></CODE>6% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>cat edscr</B></CODE>390a "WARNING:",.106,107c fprintf(stderr, "%s: quitting: can't %s your .pq_profile file.\n",.7% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>echo w >> edscr</B></CODE>8% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>ed remote-pqs.c < edscr</B></CODE>19176191849% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>diff pqs.c.new remote-pqs.c</B></CODE>10%</PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></P><PCLASS="para">At prompt <CODECLASS="literal">1%</CODE>, I make the simulated "remote" copy of the <EMCLASS="emphasis">pqs.c</EM> file.At prompt <CODECLASS="literal">2%</CODE>, I make another copy of it; at prompt <CODECLASS="literal">3%</CODE>, I edit the copy.Prompt <CODECLASS="literal">4%</CODE> has a <EMCLASS="emphasis">diff</EM> that shows the changes I made.Then, at prompt <CODECLASS="literal">5%</CODE>, I run<SPANCLASS="link"><CODECLASS="literal">diff</CODE> <CODECLASS="literal">-e</CODE> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch28_01.htm#UPT-ART-2680"TITLE="Checking Differences with diff ">28.1</A>)</SPAN>;I save the result in<EMCLASS="emphasis">edscr</EM>, which I show at prompt 6.</P><PCLASS="para">Prompt <CODECLASS="literal">7%</CODE> is important because <EMCLASS="emphasis">diff -e</EM> doesn't add a <CODECLASS="literal">w</CODE>command to the script file.That tells <EMCLASS="emphasis">ed</EM> to write its changes to the file.I use<SPANCLASS="link"><CODECLASS="literal">echo w</CODE> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch08_06.htm"TITLE="Output Command-Line Arguments ">8.6</A>)</SPAN>to add the command.</P><PCLASS="para">In prompt <CODECLASS="literal">8%</CODE>, I give <EMCLASS="emphasis">ed</EM> the name of the "remote" file to edit as acommand-line argument and give it the script file on its standard input.At prompt <CODECLASS="literal">9%</CODE>, I do a <EMCLASS="emphasis">diff</EM> that shows the changes have been madeand the two versions are the same.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch33_05.htm"TITLE="33.5 Running Editing Scripts Within vi "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 33.5 Running Editing Scripts Within vi "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch33_07.htm"TITLE="33.7 ed/ex Batch Edits: Avoid Errors When No Match "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 33.7 ed/ex Batch Edits: Avoid Errors When No Match "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">33.5 Running Editing Scripts Within vi </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">33.7 ed/ex Batch Edits: Avoid Errors When No Match </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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