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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 27] 27.3 Finding Text That Doesn't Match </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:44:19Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch27_01.htm"TITLE="27. Searching Through Files"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch27_02.htm"TITLE="27.2 Searching for Text with grep "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch27_04.htm"TITLE="27.4 Finding a Pattern Only When It's a Word "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch27_02.htm"TITLE="27.2 Searching for Text with grep "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 27.2 Searching for Text with grep "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 27<BR>Searching Through Files</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch27_04.htm"TITLE="27.4 Finding a Pattern Only When It's a Word "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 27.4 Finding a Pattern Only When It's a Word "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-7953">27.3 Finding Text That Doesn't Match </A></H2><PCLASS="para">The <EMCLASS="emphasis">grep</EM> programs have one very handy feature: they canselect lines that don't match a pattern just as they can select the lines thatdo.Simply use the <EMCLASS="emphasis">-v</EM> option.<ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-30028"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-30031"></A></P><PCLASS="para">I used this most recently when working on this book.We havethousands of separate files under<SPANCLASS="link">RCS (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch20_14.htm"TITLE="RCS Basics ">20.14</A>)</SPAN>and I sometimes forget which ones I've got checked out.Since there's a lot of clutter in the directory, and several peopleworking there, a simple <EMCLASS="emphasis">ls</EM>won't do.So I use a <EMCLASS="emphasis">find</EM> alias to list only the files belonging to me.(It's a version of the <EMCLASS="emphasis">find</EM> alias described in article <ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch17_23.htm"TITLE="Finding Files with -prune ">17.23</A>,with <EMCLASS="emphasis">-user tim</EM> added to select only my own files.)</P><PCLASS="para">Believe it or not, even that isn't specific enough.There are avariety of temporary files created by some of our printing scripts that Idon't want to see.All of these files have names beginning with acomma (<CODECLASS="literal">,</CODE>), so when I want to see which files I might have forgotten tocheck back in to RCS, I type:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>find. | grep -v ,</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">Obviously, that's about as specific, non-reproducible an example asyou're likely to find anywhere!But it's precisely these kinds ofspecial cases that call for a rich vocabulary of tips and tricks.You'll never have to use <EMCLASS="emphasis">grep -v</EM> for this particular purpose, but you'llfind a use for it someday.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">TOR</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch27_02.htm"TITLE="27.2 Searching for Text with grep "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 27.2 Searching for Text with grep "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power 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