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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 43] 43.9 Indenting Text for Printing </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-10-23T15:51:49Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch43_01.htm"TITLE="43. Printing"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch43_08.htm"TITLE="43.8 Fixing Margins with pr and fold "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch43_10.htm"TITLE="43.10 Filename Headers Above Files Without pr "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch43_08.htm"TITLE="43.8 Fixing Margins with pr and fold "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 43.8 Fixing Margins with pr and fold "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 43<BR>Printing</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch43_10.htm"TITLE="43.10 Filename Headers Above Files Without pr "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 43.10 Filename Headers Above Files Without pr "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-2420">43.9 Indenting Text for Printing </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-48000"></A>If you want to print a file that has plain text (not PostScript or some otherpage description language), you can indent the printout by adding some spacesto the start of each line.Use<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">sed</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch34_24.htm"TITLE="Quick Reference: sed ">34.24</A>)</SPAN>to add a TAB or two (if your printer can handle TABs) - otherwise, spaces - tothe start of each line.Here's a simple command that adds four spaces to the start of each line of the<EMCLASS="emphasis">logdata</EM> file, then prints with <EMCLASS="emphasis">lpr</EM>:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>sed 's/^/ /' logdata | lpr</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">You'll run into trouble if the file you're printing has any TABs in itthough, because the extra spaces at the start of each line can mess up thetabstops.In that case, <SPANCLASS="link">expand tabs (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch41_04.htm"TITLE="How UNIX Handles TAB Characters ">41.4</A>)</SPAN>first:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>expand logdata | sed 's/^/ /' | lpr</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">The<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">pr</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch43_07.htm"TITLE="Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing ">43.7</A>)</SPAN>command makes a nicely formatted printout.You can indent its output, too.If your <EMCLASS="emphasis">pr</EM> doesn't have a <EMCLASS="emphasis">-o</EM> (offset) switch, though,pipe its output through <EMCLASS="emphasis">sed</EM>:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>pr logdata | sed 's/^/ /' | lpr</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">That doesn't always work.If there are TABs in the file, <EMCLASS="emphasis">pr</EM> may not expand them - though someversions of <EMCLASS="emphasis">pr</EM> have a <EMCLASS="emphasis">-e</EM> switch to do that.Also, your indentation will indent the heading on each page - too muchindentation can shove the heading off the right-hand side of the paper.Here's a better command to handle those problems.It expands the TABs and indents the body but doesn't indent the heading:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>expand logdata | sed 's/^/ /' | pr -h logdata | lpr</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">The <CODECLASS="literal">-h</CODE> <CODECLASS="literal">logdata</CODE> puts the filename at the top of each page(because <EMCLASS="emphasis">pr</EM> can't get the name otherwise).Omit that if you don't want it.</P><PCLASS="para">The<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">offset</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch35_07.htm"TITLE="offset: Indent Text ">35.7</A>)</SPAN>script lets you set the indentation with a command-line option.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch43_08.htm"TITLE="43.8 Fixing Margins with pr and fold "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 43.8 Fixing Margins with pr and fold "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch43_10.htm"TITLE="43.10 Filename Headers Above Files Without pr "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 43.10 Filename Headers Above Files Without pr "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">43.8 Fixing Margins with pr and fold </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">43.10 Filename Headers Above Files Without pr </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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