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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 16] 16.7 ls Shortcuts: ll, lf, lg, etc. </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:37:41Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch16_01.htm"TITLE="16. Where Did I Put That?"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch16_06.htm"TITLE='16.6 clf, cls: "Compressed" ls Listings'><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch16_08.htm"TITLE="16.8 The ls -d Option "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch16_06.htm"TITLE='16.6 clf, cls: "Compressed" ls Listings'><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT='Previous: 16.6 clf, cls: "Compressed" ls Listings'BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 16<BR>Where Did I Put That?</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch16_08.htm"TITLE="16.8 The ls -d Option "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 16.8 The ls -d Option "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-4360">16.7 ls Shortcuts: ll, lf, lg, etc. </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-16991"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-16994"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-16997"></A>The old 4.1BSD UNIX system I worked on in the early 1980s had commandsnamed <EMCLASS="emphasis">ll</EM>, for <EMCLASS="emphasis">ls -l</EM>; <EMCLASS="emphasis">lf</EM>, for <EMCLASS="emphasis">ls -F</EM>; and<EMCLASS="emphasis">lm</EM>, for the (defunct, on BSD at least... RIP) <EMCLASS="emphasis">ls -m</EM><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-17005"></A>command.[For those of us who don't remember it, <EMCLASS="emphasis">ls -m</EM> listed filesseparated by commas, rather than spaces. <EMCLASS="emphasis">-ML</EM> ]When they left my system, I made my own shell script to do the same things.If your system doesn't have these, you can install the script from theCD-ROM.</P><PCLASS="para">This is the single script file for all the commands:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen"> #! /bin/shcase $0 in*lf) exec ls -F "$@";;*lg) exec ls -lg "$@";;*ll) exec ls -l "$@";;*lm) ls "$@" | awk '{ if ((length($0) + 2 + length(inline)) > 79) { print inline "," inline = $0 } else if (length(inline) != 0) inline = inline ", " $0 else # this is the first filename inline = $0 } END { print inline }' ;;*lr) exec ls -lR "$@";;*) echo "$0: Help! Shouldn't get here!" 1>&2; exit 1;;esac</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">The<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">exec</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch45_07.htm"TITLE="The exec Command ">45.7</A>)</SPAN>command saves a process - this was important on my overloaded VAX 11/750,and doesn't hurt on faster systems.</P><PCLASS="para">You can install this script from the CD-ROMor just type it in.If you type it into a file named <EMCLASS="emphasis">lf</EM>, don't forget to makethe four other<SPANCLASS="link">links (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch18_05.htm"TITLE="Creating and Removing Links ">18.5</A>)</SPAN>:<EMCLASS="emphasis">lg</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">ll</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">lm</EM>, and <EMCLASS="emphasis">lr</EM>.The script tests the name it was called with, in <CODECLASS="literal">$0</CODE>, to decidewhich <EMCLASS="emphasis">ls</EM> command to run.This trick saves disk space.</P><PCLASS="para">System V still has the <EMCLASS="emphasis">-m</EM> option, so you can replace the <CODECLASS="literal">*lm)</CODE>section with plain <CODECLASS="literal">ls -m</CODE>.Also, on some UNIXes, the <EMCLASS="emphasis">ls -g</EM> option does nothing;replace that section with <CODECLASS="literal">ls -lG</CODE> or <CODECLASS="literal">ls -lo</CODE>.You can add other commands, too, by adding a line to the <EMCLASS="emphasis">case</EM>and another link. (For more on shell programming, start with article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch44_01.htm#UPT-ART-0065"TITLE="Everyone Should Learn Some Shell Programming ">44.1</A>.)</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch16_06.htm"TITLE='16.6 clf, cls: "Compressed" ls Listings'><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT='Previous: 16.6 clf, cls: "Compressed" ls Listings'BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch16_08.htm"TITLE="16.8 The ls -d Option "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 16.8 The ls -d Option "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">16.6 clf, cls: "Compressed" ls Listings</TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">16.8 The ls -d Option </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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