ch26_10.htm

the unix power tools

ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Same, followed by two lowercase letters (e.g., <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>troff</EM
> requests).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>^\.[a-z]\{2\}</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Same as previous, <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>grep</EM
> or <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>sed</EM
> only.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>^[^.]</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Any line that doesn't begin with a <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>.</CODE
> (dot).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>bugs*</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
><CODE
CLASS="literal"
>bug</CODE
>, <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>bugs</CODE
>, <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>bugss</CODE
>, etc.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>&quot;word&quot;</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>A word in quotes.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>&quot;*word&quot;*</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>A word, with or without quotes.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>[A-Z][A-Z]*</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>One or more uppercase letters.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>[A-Z]+</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Same, <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>egrep</EM
> or <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>awk</EM
> only.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>[A-Z].*</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>An uppercase letter, followed by zero or more characters.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>[A-Z]*</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Zero or more uppercase letters.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>[a-zA-Z]</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Any letter.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>[^0-9A-Za-z]</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Any symbol (not a letter or a number).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>[567]</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>One of the numbers <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>5</CODE
>, <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>6</CODE
>, or <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>7</CODE
>.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
><EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>egrep or awk pattern:</EM
></TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
></TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>five|six|seven</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>One of the words <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>five</CODE
>, <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>six</CODE
>, or <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>seven</CODE
>.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>80[23]?86</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>One of the numbers <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>8086</CODE
>, <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>80286</CODE
>, or <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>80386</CODE
>.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>compan(y|ies)</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>One of the words <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>company</CODE
> or <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>companies</CODE
>.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
><EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ex or vi pattern:</EM
></TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
></TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>\&lt;the</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Words like <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>theater</CODE
> or <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>the</CODE
>.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>the\&gt;</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Words like <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>breathe</CODE
> or <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>the</CODE
>.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>\&lt;the\&gt;</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>The word <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>the</CODE
>.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
><EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>sed or grep pattern:</EM
></TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
></TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>0\{5,\}</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Five or more zeros in a row.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>[0-9]\{3\}-[0-9]\{2\}-[0-9]\{4\}</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>US social security number (<CODE
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>nnn</I
></CODE
><CODE
CLASS="literal"
>-</CODE
><CODE
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>nn</I
></CODE
><CODE
CLASS="literal"
>-</CODE
><CODE
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>nnnn</I
></CODE
>).</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="sect2"
><H3
CLASS="sect2"
><A
CLASS="title"
NAME="UPT-ART-2540-SECT-1.2"
>26.10.2 Examples of Searching and Replacing </A
></H3
><P
CLASS="para"
>The following examples show the metacharacters
available to <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>sed</EM
> or <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ex</EM
>.
(<EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ex</EM
>&nbsp;commands begin with a colon.)
A space is marked by <IMG
SRC="../chars/squ.gif"
ALT=" ">; a TAB is marked by&nbsp;<CODE
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>tab</I
></CODE
>.</P
><TABLE
CLASS="table"
><CAPTION
CLASS="table"
><A
CLASS="title"
NAME="UPT-ART-2540-TAB-3"
>Table 26.9: Search and Replace Commands</A
></CAPTION
><THEAD
CLASS="thead"
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TH
CLASS="entry"
ALIGN="LEFT"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Command</TH
><TH
CLASS="entry"
ALIGN="LEFT"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Result</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
CLASS="tbody"
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>s/.*/( &amp; )/</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Redo the entire line, but add parentheses.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>s/.*/mv &amp; &amp;.old/</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Change a wordlist into <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>mv</EM
> commands.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>/^$/d</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Delete blank lines.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:g/^$/d</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
><EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ex</EM
> version of previous.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>/^[<IMG
SRC="../chars/squ.gif"
ALT=" "><CODE
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>tab</I
></CODE
>]*$/d</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Delete blank lines, plus lines containing only spaces or TABs.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:g/^[<IMG
SRC="../chars/squ.gif"
ALT=" "><CODE
CLASS="replaceable"
><I
>tab</I
></CODE
>]*$/d</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
><EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ex</EM
> version of previous.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>s/<IMG
SRC="../chars/squ.gif"
ALT=" "><IMG
SRC="../chars/squ.gif"
ALT=" ">*/<IMG
SRC="../chars/squ.gif"
ALT=" ">/g</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Turn one or more spaces into one space.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:%s/<IMG
SRC="../chars/squ.gif"
ALT=" "><IMG
SRC="../chars/squ.gif"
ALT=" ">*/<IMG
SRC="../chars/squ.gif"
ALT=" ">/g</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
><EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ex</EM
> version of previous.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:s/[0-9]/Item &amp;:/</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Turn a number into an item label (on the current line).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:s</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Repeat the substitution on the first occurrence.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:&amp;</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Same.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:sg</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Same, but for all occurrences on the line.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:&amp;g</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Same.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:%&amp;g</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Repeat the substitution globally.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:.,$s/Fortran/\U&amp;/g</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Change word to uppercase, on current line to last line.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:%s/.*/\L&amp;/</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Lowercase entire file.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:s/\&lt;./\u&amp;/g</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Uppercase first letter of each word on current line (useful for titles).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:%s/yes/No/g</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Globally change a word to <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>No</CODE
>.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>:%s/Yes/~/g</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Globally change a different word to <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>No</CODE
>
(previous replacement).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>s/die or do/do or die/</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Transpose words.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>s/\([Dd]ie\) or \([Dd]o\)/\2 or \1/</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Transpose, using hold buffers to preserve case.</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-29898"
></A
><A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-29899"
></A
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="sect1info"
><P
CLASS="SECT1INFO"
>- <SPAN
CLASS="authorinitials"
>DG</SPAN
> <SPAN
CLASS="bibliomisc"
>from O'Reilly &amp; Associates' <CITE
CLASS="citetitle"
>UNIX in a Nutshell (SVR4/Solaris)</CITE
></SPAN
></P
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