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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 38] 38.13 Interactively Kill Processes Matching a Pattern </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:49:53Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch38_01.htm"TITLE="38. Starting, Stopping, and Killing Processes"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch38_12.htm"TITLE="38.12 Killing All Your Processes "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch38_14.htm"TITLE="38.14 Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch38_12.htm"TITLE="38.12 Killing All Your Processes "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 38.12 Killing All Your Processes "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 38<BR>Starting, Stopping, and Killing Processes</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch38_14.htm"TITLE="38.14 Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 38.14 Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-7853">38.13 Interactively Kill Processes Matching a Pattern </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-43192"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-43195"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-43197"></A>When you want to kill processes, it's a pain in the neck to run<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">ps</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch38_05.htm"TITLE="The ps Command ">38.5</A>)</SPAN>,figure out the process ID, and then kill the process.The <EMCLASS="emphasis">zap</EM> shell script was presented by BrianKernighan and Rob Pike in their classic book <EMCLASS="emphasis">The UNIX ProgrammingEnvironment</EM>.The script uses<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">egrep</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch27_05.htm"TITLE="Extended Searching for Text with egrep ">27.5</A>)</SPAN>to pick the processes to kill; you can type extended expressions thatmatch more than one process, such as:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>zap 'troff|fmat'</B></CODE> PID TTY TIME CMD 22117 01 0:02 fmat somefile? <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>n</B></CODE> 22126 01 0:15 sqtroff -ms somefile? <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>y</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">We've reprinted the script by permission of the authors:</P><PCLASS="para"><TABLECLASS="screen.co"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="calloutlist"> <ACLASS="co"HREF="ch45_31.htm"TITLE="45.31 Nested Command Substitution ">`...`</A> </PRE></TH><TDVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="screen"> #! /bin/sh# zap pattern: kill all processes matching patternPATH=/bin:/usr/binIFS='' # just a newlinecase $1 in"") echo 'Usage: zap [-2] pattern' 1>&2; exit 1 ;;-*) SIG=$1; shiftesacecho ' PID TTY TIME CMD'kill $SIG `pick \`ps -ag | egrep "$*"\` | awk '{print $1}'`</PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></P><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-43217"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-43219"></A>The <CODECLASS="literal">ps -ag</CODE> command displays all processes on the system.Leave off the <CODECLASS="literal">a</CODE> to get just your processes.Your version of <EMCLASS="emphasis">ps</EM> may need<SPANCLASS="link">different options (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch38_05.htm"TITLE="The ps Command ">38.5</A>)</SPAN>.</P><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-43227"></A>This shell version of <EMCLASS="emphasis">zap</EM> calls another script, <EMCLASS="emphasis">pick</EM>,shown below.[6]<EMCLASS="emphasis">pick</EM> shows each of its command-line arguments and waits for you totype <EMCLASS="emphasis">y</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">q</EM>, or anything else.Answering <EMCLASS="emphasis">y</EM> writes the line to standard output, answering <EMCLASS="emphasis">q</EM> aborts<EMCLASS="emphasis">pick</EM> without showing more lines, and any other answer shows thenext input line without printing the current one.<EMCLASS="emphasis">zap</EM> uses <SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">awk</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch33_11.htm"TITLE="Quick Reference: awk ">33.11</A>)</SPAN>to print the first argument (the process ID number) from any <EMCLASS="emphasis">ps</EM>line you've selected with <EMCLASS="emphasis">pick</EM>.The inner set of<SPANCLASS="link">nested (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch45_31.htm"TITLE="Nested Command Substitution ">45.31</A>)</SPAN><SPANCLASS="link">backquotes (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch09_16.htm"TITLE="Command Substitution ">9.16</A>)</SPAN>in <EMCLASS="emphasis">zap</EM> pass <EMCLASS="emphasis">pick</EM> the output of <EMCLASS="emphasis">ps</EM>, filtered through<EMCLASS="emphasis">egrep</EM>.Because the <EMCLASS="emphasis">zap</EM> script has set the<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">IFS</EM> variable (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch35_21.htm"TITLE="Using IFS to Split Strings ">35.21</A>)</SPAN>to just a newline, <EMCLASS="emphasis">pick</EM> gets and displays each line of <EMCLASS="emphasis">ps</EM> outputas a single argument.The outer set of backquotes passes<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">kill</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch38_10.htm"TITLE="Destroying Processes with kill ">38.10</A>)</SPAN>the output of <EMCLASS="emphasis">pick</EM>, filtered through <EMCLASS="emphasis">awk</EM>.</P><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="footnote"><PCLASS="para">[6] The MH mail system also has a command named <EMCLASS="emphasis">pick</EM>.If you use MH, you could rename this script to something like <EMCLASS="emphasis">choose</EM>.</P></BLOCKQUOTE><PCLASS="para">If you're interested in shell programming and that explanation wasn'tdetailed enough, take a careful look at the scripts - they'rereally worth studying.(This book's shell programming chapters, 44 through 46, mayhelp, too.)Here's the <EMCLASS="emphasis">pick</EM> script:</P><PCLASS="para"><TABLECLASS="screen.co"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="calloutlist"> <ACLASS="co"HREF="ch46_10.htm"TITLE="46.10 A Portable echo Command ">-n</A> <ACLASS="co"HREF="ch45_20.htm"TITLE="45.20 Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors ">/dev/tty</A> <ACLASS="co"HREF="ch45_22.htm"TITLE="45.22 Handling Files Line-by-Line ">done <</A> </PRE></TH><TDVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="screen"> #!/bin/sh# pick: select argumentsPATH=/bin:/usr/binfor ido echo -n "$i? " >/dev/tty read response case $response in y*) echo $i ;; q*) break esacdone </dev/tty</PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch38_12.htm"TITLE="38.12 Killing All Your Processes "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 38.12 Killing All Your Processes "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch38_14.htm"TITLE="38.14 Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 38.14 Processes Out of Control? 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