📄 ch18_10.htm
字号:
<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 18] 18.10 There's More than One Way to Do It </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:39:06Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch18_01.htm"TITLE="18. Linking, Renaming, and Copying Files"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch18_09.htm"TITLE="18.9 Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch18_11.htm"TITLE="18.11 Renaming Files with ren "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch18_09.htm"TITLE="18.9 Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 18.9 Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 18<BR>Linking, Renaming, and Copying Files</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch18_11.htm"TITLE="18.11 Renaming Files with ren "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 18.11 Renaming Files with ren "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-8013">18.10 There's More than One Way to Do It </A></H2><PCLASS="para">[In article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch18_09.htm"TITLE="Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files ">18.9</A>,Jerry Peek shows how if you really understand the shell andutilities like <ICLASS="filename">sed</I>, you can easily construct custom commands tochange one set offilenames to another according to some regular pattern.In article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch18_11.htm"TITLE="Renaming Files with ren ">18.11</A>,<ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-20713"></A>Linda Mui explains a C program that makes the job easier - and hassome built-in safeguards that prevent any renames if some of the movescould cause problems.Here, Larry Wall and Randal Schwartz present a <SPANCLASS="link">Perl (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch37_01.htm#UPT-ART-5560"TITLE="What We Do and Don't Tell You About Perl ">37.1</A>)</SPAN>script that gives you a different kind of power and flexibility.By the way, that's thePerl slogan: "There's more than one way to do it." -TOR ]</P><TABLECLASS="para.programreference"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><ACLASS="programreference"HREF="examples/index.htm"TITLE="rename">rename</A><BR></TH><TDVALIGN="TOP">There are many ways of renaming multiple files under UNIX. Mostof these ways are kludges. They force you to use ad hoc shell variablemodifiers or multiple processes. With the <EMCLASS="emphasis">rename</EM> Perl script,you can rename files according to the rule specified as the firstargument. The argument is simply a Perl expression that is expected tomodify the <CODECLASS="literal">$_</CODE> string in Perl [the current input line<EMCLASS="emphasis">-TOR</EM> ]for at least some of the filenamesspecified. Thus you can rename files using the very same<CODECLASS="literal">s///</CODE> notation you're already<SPANCLASS="link">familiar with (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch34_24.htm"TITLE="Quick Reference: sed ">34.24</A>)</SPAN>.If a givenfilename is not modified by the expression, it will not be renamed. Ifno filenames are given on the command line, filenames will be read viastandard input.</TD></TR></TABLE><PCLASS="para">For example, to rename all files matching<CODECLASS="literal">*.bak</CODE>to strip the extension,you might say:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>rename 's/\.bak$//' *.bak</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">But you're not limited to simple substitutions - you have at yourdisposal the full expressive power of Perl.To add those extensions back on, for instance, say this:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>rename '$_ .= ".bak"' *</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">or even:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>rename 's/$/.bak/' *</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">To translate uppercase names to lowercase, you'd use:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>rename 'tr/A-Z/a-z/' *</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">And how about these?</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>rename 's/foo/bar/; $_ = $was if -e' *foo*</B></CODE>% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>find . -print | rename 's/readme/README/i'</B></CODE>% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>find . -print | rename 's/$/.old/ if -M $_ > 0.5'</B></CODE>% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>find . -name '*,v' -print | \ rename 's#(.*)/#$1/RCS/#, $x{$1}++ || mkdir("$1/RCS", 0777)'</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">[Of course, to even understand some of these more complexincantations, you have to learn more about Perl, which is just thepoint... It's worth taking the time to learn. <EMCLASS="emphasis">-TOR</EM> ]</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">LW</SPAN>, <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">RS</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch18_09.htm"TITLE="18.9 Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 18.9 Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch18_11.htm"TITLE="18.11 Renaming Files with ren "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 18.11 Renaming Files with ren "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">18.9 Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">18.11 Renaming Files with ren </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -