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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 12] 12.9 Running Multiple Shell Sessions with screen </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:36:35Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch12_01.htm"TITLE="12. Job Control"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch12_08.htm"TITLE="12.8 Job Control in a Nutshell "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch13_01.htm"TITLE="13. Redirecting Input and Output"></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch12_08.htm"TITLE="12.8 Job Control in a Nutshell "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 12.8 Job Control in a Nutshell "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 12<BR>Job Control</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="CHAPTER"HREF="ch13_01.htm"TITLE="13. Redirecting Input and Output"><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 13. Redirecting Input and Output"BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-9014">12.9 Running Multiple Shell Sessions with screen </A></H2><TABLECLASS="para.programreference"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><ACLASS="programreference"HREF="examples/index.htm"TITLE="screen">screen</A><BR></TH><TDVALIGN="TOP"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-13862"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-13864"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-13867"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-13870"></A>An interesting alternative to<SPANCLASS="link">job control (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch12_01.htm#UPT-ART-0439"TITLE="Job Control: Work Faster, Stop Runaway Jobs ">12.1</A>)</SPAN>is the <EMCLASS="emphasis">screen</EM> program, which lets you run several shell sessions from the same terminal, switching between them at will. </TD></TR></TABLE><PCLASS="para">For example, often when I'm logged in I want to reply to a<SPANCLASS="link">mail message (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch01_33.htm"TITLE="UNIX Networking and Communications ">1.33</A>)</SPAN>but I need to test something first.Currently,I have to get out of <EMCLASS="emphasis">mail</EM> to do it, or start a<SPANCLASS="link">shell escape (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch30_26.htm"TITLE="Shell Escapes: Running One UNIX Command While Using Another">30.26</A>)</SPAN>within<EMCLASS="emphasis">mail</EM>.But using the <EMCLASS="emphasis">screen</EM> program, I could just switchback and forth between shells.I could run <EMCLASS="emphasis">mail</EM> in one shell,test things in another, edit a file in a third, etc.-up to 10shells in all.<ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-13883"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-13885"></A>(If you run Linux, you can choose from eight <EMCLASS="emphasis">virtual consoles</EM>by using the <KBDCLASS="keycap">[ALT]</KBD> key with one of the keys <KBDCLASS="keycap">[F1]</KBD>through <KBDCLASS="keycap">[F8]</KBD>.But that still doesn't have all the nice features of <EMCLASS="emphasis">screen</EM>.)</P><PCLASS="para">Once you start up <EMCLASS="emphasis">screen</EM>, a full screen disclaimer appears(which can be disabled by configuring <EMCLASS="emphasis">$HOME/.screenrc</EM>).Afterpressing SPACE or RETURN, you'll be placed in an initial shell with your usual system prompt.This shell is screen number 0.</P><H4CLASS="bridgehead.SECT3">Screen 0</H4><PCLASS="para">I can use this shell to read my mail.</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">lmui@ruby 26% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>mail</B></CODE>Mail version SMI 4.0 Wed Oct 23 10:38:28 PDT 1991 Type ? for help."/usr/spool/mail/lmui": 42 messages 6 new ... N 38 kramer Wed Oct 28 10:31 20/654 Posting on comp.unix.que N 39 tim Wed Oct 28 10:46 39/1485 Re: awf N 40 tim Wed Oct 28 10:47 26/832 Re: announcement of vol8&</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">Now, suppose I read a mail message asking my opinion about a newsposting.Rather than get out of mail to read news before I respond,I can just start a new shell using CTRL-a CTRL-c and start upa news reader there.This new window is screen number 1.</P><H4CLASS="bridgehead.SECT3">Screen 1</H4><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">lmui@ruby 26% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>rn comp.unix.questions</B></CODE>Unread news in comp.unix.questions 333 articles******** 333 unread articles in comp.unix.questions-read now? [ynq]</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">Once I read the article in question, I switch back to the previousshell using CTRL-a CTRL-a and start torespond to the mail message:</P><H4CLASS="bridgehead.SECT3">Screen 0</H4><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">> 38 kramer Wed Oct 28 10:31 20/654 Posting on comp.unix.que N 39 tim Wed Oct 28 10:46 39/1485 Re: awf N 40 tim Wed Oct 28 10:47 26/832 Re: announcement of vol8& <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>r</B></CODE>To: kramer@ora.comSubject: Re: Posting on comp.unix.questions<CODECLASS="userinput"><B>He's right that you can use -i for interactive prompting, but I don't think -f disables interactive mode.</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">Now, suppose I want to check my facts before I continuewriting the message.Rather than quit my message or starta subshell, I can just start up yet another shell windowby pressing CTRL-a CTRL-c again.Then I can runthe commands I want to test.Once I have my information, I can go back to the previous shell using CTRL-a CTRL-a again, or using CTRL-a 0 toexplicitly call up screen number 0.</P><PCLASS="para">One of the really neat things about <EMCLASS="emphasis">screen</EM> is that it evenlets you "detach" a screen, so that you can log out, thengo home and<SPANCLASS="link">pick up where you left off, using a different terminal (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch03_07.htm"TITLE="Detaching a Session with screen ">3.7</A>)</SPAN>.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">LM</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch12_08.htm"TITLE="12.8 Job Control in a Nutshell "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 12.8 Job Control in a Nutshell "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="CHAPTER"HREF="ch13_01.htm"TITLE="13. 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