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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 21] 21.6 A File's Inode Change (not "Creation"!) Time</TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:40:05Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch21_01.htm"TITLE="21. More About Managing Files"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch21_05.htm"TITLE="21.5 What Good Is a File's Last Access Time? "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch21_07.htm"TITLE="21.7 Setting File Modification Time with touch "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch21_05.htm"TITLE="21.5 What Good Is a File's Last Access Time? "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 21.5 What Good Is a File's Last Access Time? "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 21<BR>More About Managing Files</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch21_07.htm"TITLE="21.7 Setting File Modification Time with touch "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 21.7 Setting File Modification Time with touch "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-6790">21.6 A File's Inode Change (not "Creation"!) Time</A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-23168"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-23171"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-23174"></A>An old <EMCLASS="emphasis">ls</EM> manual page I have says that the <EMCLASS="emphasis">ls -c</EM> option liststhe "time of file creation."Boo, hiss!That's an old UNIX myth.UNIX keeps three times for each file: last modification (<EMCLASS="emphasis">mtime</EM>),<SPANCLASS="link">last access (<EMCLASS="emphasis">atime</EM>) (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch21_05.htm"TITLE="What Good Is a File's Last Access Time? ">21.5</A>)</SPAN>,and <EMCLASS="emphasis">last</EM><SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">inode</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch01_22.htm"TITLE="How UNIX Keeps Track of Files: Inodes ">1.22</A>)</SPAN><EMCLASS="emphasis">modification</EM> (<EMCLASS="emphasis">ctime</EM>).A file's<EMCLASS="emphasis">ctime</EM> is changed when the file is modified or when something kept in the inode (number ofhard links,owner, group, etc.) has been changed.If you need to find out when that time was changed, use <EMCLASS="emphasis">ls -lcr</EM> or<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">find \-ctime</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch17_05.htm"TITLE="Searching for Old Files ">17.5</A>, <ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch17_07.htm"TITLE="The Times that find Finds ">17.7</A>)</SPAN>.</P><PCLASS="para">Many computer sites check the <EMCLASS="emphasis">ctime</EM> to decide which files to back up.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch21_05.htm"TITLE="21.5 What Good Is a File's Last Access Time? 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