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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>UNIX Power Tools</TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:23:35Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><H1CLASS="toc"><IMGSRC="gifs/banner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"></H1><PCLASS="toc"><FONTSIZE="-1">By Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides; ISBN 1-56592-260-3, 1120 pages.<BR>Second Edition Edition, August 1997.<BR>(See the <ACLASS="catalog"HREF="http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/upt2/"TITLE="Catalog entry for UNIX Power Tools">catalog page</A> for this book.)</FONT></P><P><ACLASS="search"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"TITLE="Search page">Search</A> the text of <CITECLASS="book">UNIX Power Tools</CITE>.</P><DIVCLASS="index"><H3>Index</H3><P><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Index: Symbols">Symbols</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_a.htm"TITLE="Index: A">A</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_b.htm"TITLE="Index: B">B</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_c.htm"TITLE="Index: C">C</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_d.htm"TITLE="Index: D">D</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_e.htm"TITLE="Index: E">E</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_f.htm"TITLE="Index: F">F</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_g.htm"TITLE="Index: G">G</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_h.htm"TITLE="Index: H">H</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_i.htm"TITLE="Index: I">I</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_j.htm"TITLE="Index: J">J</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_k.htm"TITLE="Index: K">K</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_l.htm"TITLE="Index: L">L</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_m.htm"TITLE="Index: M">M</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_n.htm"TITLE="Index: N">N</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_o.htm"TITLE="Index: O">O</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_p.htm"TITLE="Index: P">P</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_q.htm"TITLE="Index: Q">Q</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_r.htm"TITLE="Index: R">R</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_s.htm"TITLE="Index: S">S</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_t.htm"TITLE="Index: T">T</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_u.htm"TITLE="Index: U">U</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_v.htm"TITLE="Index: V">V</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_w.htm"TITLE="Index: W">W</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_x.htm"TITLE="Index: X">X</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_y.htm"TITLE="Index: Y">Y</A> | <ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_z.htm"TITLE="Index: Z">Z</A></P></DIV><DIVCLASS="toc"><H2>Table of Contents</H2><PCLASS="toc"><ACLASS="preface"HREF="prf1_01.htm"TITLE="Preface">Preface</A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch01_01.htm"TITLE="1. Introduction">Chapter 1: <CITECLASS="chapter">Introduction</CITE></A><BR></P><DIVCLASS="part"><H3CLASS="part"><ACLASS="title"HREF="part01.htm"TITLE="I. Making Yourself at Home ">Part I: Making Yourself at Home </A></H3><P><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch02_01.htm"TITLE="2. Logging In">Chapter 2: <CITECLASS="chapter">Logging In</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch03_01.htm"TITLE="3. Logging Out">Chapter 3: <CITECLASS="chapter">Logging Out</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch04_01.htm"TITLE="4. Organizing Your Home Directory">Chapter 4: <CITECLASS="chapter">Organizing Your Home Directory</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch05_01.htm"TITLE="5. Setting Up Your Terminal">Chapter 5: <CITECLASS="chapter">Setting Up Your Terminal</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch06_01.htm"TITLE="6. Shell and Environment Variables">Chapter 6: <CITECLASS="chapter">Shell and Environment Variables</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch07_01.htm"TITLE="7. Setting Your Shell Prompt">Chapter 7: <CITECLASS="chapter">Setting Your Shell Prompt</CITE></A><BR></P></DIV><P></P><DIVCLASS="part"><H3CLASS="part"><ACLASS="title"HREF="part02.htm"TITLE="II. Let the Computer Do the Dirty Work ">Part II: Let the Computer Do the Dirty Work </A></H3><P><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch08_01.htm"TITLE="8. How the Shell Interprets What You Type">Chapter 8: <CITECLASS="chapter">How the Shell Interprets What You Type</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch09_01.htm"TITLE="9. Saving Time on the Command Line">Chapter 9: <CITECLASS="chapter">Saving Time on the Command Line</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch10_01.htm"TITLE="10. Aliases">Chapter 10: <CITECLASS="chapter">Aliases</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch11_01.htm"TITLE="11. The Lessons of History">Chapter 11: <CITECLASS="chapter">The Lessons of History</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch12_01.htm"TITLE="12. Job Control">Chapter 12: <CITECLASS="chapter">Job Control</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch13_01.htm"TITLE="13. Redirecting Input and Output">Chapter 13: <CITECLASS="chapter">Redirecting Input and Output</CITE></A><BR></P></DIV><P></P><DIVCLASS="part"><H3CLASS="part"><ACLASS="title"HREF="part03.htm"TITLE="III. Working with the Filesystem ">Part III: Working with the Filesystem </A></H3><P><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch14_01.htm"TITLE="14. Moving Around in a Hurry">Chapter 14: <CITECLASS="chapter">Moving Around in a Hurry</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch15_01.htm"TITLE="15. Wildcards">Chapter 15: <CITECLASS="chapter">Wildcards</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch16_01.htm"TITLE="16. Where Did I Put That?">Chapter 16: <CITECLASS="chapter">Where Did I Put That?</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch17_01.htm"TITLE="17. Finding Files with find">Chapter 17: <CITECLASS="chapter">Finding Files with find</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch18_01.htm"TITLE="18. Linking, Renaming, and Copying Files">Chapter 18: <CITECLASS="chapter">Linking, Renaming, and Copying Files</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch19_01.htm"TITLE="19. Creating and Reading Archives">Chapter 19: <CITECLASS="chapter">Creating and Reading Archives</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch20_01.htm"TITLE="20. Backing Up Files">Chapter 20: <CITECLASS="chapter">Backing Up Files</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch21_01.htm"TITLE="21. More About Managing Files">Chapter 21: <CITECLASS="chapter">More About Managing Files</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch22_01.htm"TITLE="22. File Security, Ownership, and Sharing">Chapter 22: <CITECLASS="chapter">File Security, Ownership, and Sharing</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch23_01.htm"TITLE="23. Removing Files">Chapter 23: <CITECLASS="chapter">Removing Files</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch24_01.htm"TITLE="24. Other Ways to Get Disk Space">Chapter 24: <CITECLASS="chapter">Other Ways to Get Disk Space</CITE></A><BR></P></DIV><P></P><DIVCLASS="part"><H3CLASS="part"><ACLASS="title"HREF="part04.htm"TITLE="IV. Looking Inside Files ">Part IV: Looking Inside Files </A></H3><P><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch25_01.htm"TITLE="25. Showing What's in a File">Chapter 25: <CITECLASS="chapter">Showing What's in a File</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch26_01.htm"TITLE="26. Regular Expressions (Pattern Matching)">Chapter 26: <CITECLASS="chapter">Regular Expressions (Pattern Matching)</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch27_01.htm"TITLE="27. Searching Through Files">Chapter 27: <CITECLASS="chapter">Searching Through Files</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch28_01.htm"TITLE="28. Comparing Files">Chapter 28: <CITECLASS="chapter">Comparing Files</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch29_01.htm"TITLE="29. Spell Checking, Word Counting, and Textual Analysis">Chapter 29: <CITECLASS="chapter">Spell Checking, Word Counting, and Textual Analysis</CITE></A><BR></P></DIV><P></P><DIVCLASS="part"><H3CLASS="part"><ACLASS="title"HREF="part05.htm"TITLE="V. Text Editing ">Part V: Text Editing </A></H3><P><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch30_01.htm"TITLE="30. vi Tips and Tricks">Chapter 30: <CITECLASS="chapter">vi Tips and Tricks</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch31_01.htm"TITLE="31. Creating Custom Commands in vi">Chapter 31: <CITECLASS="chapter">Creating Custom Commands in vi</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch32_01.htm"TITLE="32. GNU Emacs">Chapter 32: <CITECLASS="chapter">GNU Emacs</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch33_01.htm"TITLE="33. Batch Editing">Chapter 33: <CITECLASS="chapter">Batch Editing</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch34_01.htm"TITLE="34. The sed Stream Editor">Chapter 34: <CITECLASS="chapter">The sed Stream Editor</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch35_01.htm"TITLE="35. You Can't Quite Call This Editing">Chapter 35: <CITECLASS="chapter">You Can't Quite Call This Editing</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch36_01.htm"TITLE="36. Sorting">Chapter 36: <CITECLASS="chapter">Sorting</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch37_01.htm"TITLE="37. Perl, a Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister">Chapter 37: <CITECLASS="chapter">Perl, a Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister</CITE></A><BR></P></DIV><P></P><DIVCLASS="part"><H3CLASS="part"><ACLASS="title"HREF="part06.htm"TITLE="VI. Managing Processes ">Part VI: Managing Processes </A></H3><P><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch38_01.htm"TITLE="38. Starting, Stopping, and Killing Processes">Chapter 38: <CITECLASS="chapter">Starting, Stopping, and Killing Processes</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch39_01.htm"TITLE="39. Time and Performance">Chapter 39: <CITECLASS="chapter">Time and Performance</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch40_01.htm"TITLE="40. Delayed Execution">Chapter 40: <CITECLASS="chapter">Delayed Execution</CITE></A><BR></P></DIV><P></P><DIVCLASS="part"><H3CLASS="part"><ACLASS="title"HREF="part07.htm"TITLE="VII. Terminals and Printers ">Part VII: Terminals and Printers </A></H3><P><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch41_01.htm"TITLE="41. Terminal and Serial Line Settings">Chapter 41: <CITECLASS="chapter">Terminal and Serial Line Settings</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch42_01.htm"TITLE="42. Problems with Terminals">Chapter 42: <CITECLASS="chapter">Problems with Terminals</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch43_01.htm"TITLE="43. Printing">Chapter 43: <CITECLASS="chapter">Printing</CITE></A><BR></P></DIV><P></P><DIVCLASS="part"><H3CLASS="part"><ACLASS="title"HREF="part08.htm"TITLE="VIII. Shell Programming ">Part VIII: Shell Programming </A></H3><P><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch44_01.htm"TITLE="44. Shell Programming for the Uninitiated">Chapter 44: <CITECLASS="chapter">Shell Programming for the Uninitiated</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch45_01.htm"TITLE="45. Shell Programming for the Initiated">Chapter 45: <CITECLASS="chapter">Shell Programming for the Initiated</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch46_01.htm"TITLE="46. Shell Script Debugging and Gotchas">Chapter 46: <CITECLASS="chapter">Shell Script Debugging and Gotchas</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch47_01.htm"TITLE="47. C Shell Programming...NOT">Chapter 47: <CITECLASS="chapter">C Shell Programming...NOT</CITE></A><BR></P></DIV><P></P><DIVCLASS="part"><H3CLASS="part"><ACLASS="title"HREF="part09.htm"TITLE="IX. Miscellaneous ">Part IX: Miscellaneous </A></H3><P><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch48_01.htm"TITLE="48. Office Automation">Chapter 48: <CITECLASS="chapter">Office Automation</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch49_01.htm"TITLE="49. Working with Numbers">Chapter 49: <CITECLASS="chapter">Working with Numbers</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch50_01.htm"TITLE="50. Help--Online Documentation, etc.">Chapter 50: <CITECLASS="chapter">Help--Online Documentation, etc.</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch51_01.htm"TITLE="51. Miscellaneous Useful Programs and Curiosities">Chapter 51: <CITECLASS="chapter">Miscellaneous Useful Programs and Curiosities</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="chapter"HREF="ch52_01.htm"TITLE="52. What's on the Disc">Chapter 52: <CITECLASS="chapter">What's on the Disc</CITE></A><BR><ACLASS="glossary"HREF="glossary.htm"TITLE="Glossary">Glossary</A><BR></P></DIV><P><BR><ACLASS="examples"HREF="examples/index.htm"TITLE="Examples">Examples</A></P></DIV><HRWIDTH="515"ALIGN="LEFT"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/navbar.gif"SRC="gifs/navbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,69,62"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="146,0,216,62"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="217,0,294,62"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="295,0,362,62"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="363,0,440,62"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="441,0,514,62"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP><P><FONTSIZE="-1"><ACLASS="copyright"HREF="../copyrght.htm"TITLE="Copyright statement">Copyright</A> © 2000 <ACLASS="homepage"HREF="http://www.oreilly.com/"TITLE="O'Reilly & Associates">O'Reilly & Associates</A>. 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