📄 ch21_12.htm
字号:
<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 21] 21.12 Copying Files to a Directory </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:40:14Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch21_01.htm"TITLE="21. More About Managing Files"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch21_11.htm"TITLE="21.11 Safer Removing, Moving, and Copying "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch21_13.htm"TITLE="21.13 Read an Inode with stat "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch21_11.htm"TITLE="21.11 Safer Removing, Moving, and Copying "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 21.11 Safer Removing, Moving, and Copying "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 21<BR>More About Managing Files</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch21_13.htm"TITLE="21.13 Read an Inode with stat "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 21.13 Read an Inode with stat "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-6460">21.12 Copying Files to a Directory </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-23591"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-23595"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-23599"></A>Several commands like <EMCLASS="emphasis">cp</EM> and <EMCLASS="emphasis">mv</EM> will let you copy a fileto a directory. That is, given the command:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>cp file1 somewhere</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">if <EMCLASS="emphasis">somewhere</EM> is a directory, <EMCLASS="emphasis">cp</EM> copies <EMCLASS="emphasis">file1</EM> intothe directory, leaving its name unchanged. You get a new file whose<SPANCLASS="link">relative pathname (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch01_21.htm"TITLE="Making Pathnames ">1.21</A>)</SPAN>is <EMCLASS="emphasis">somewhere/file1</EM>.A few commands, for example,<EMCLASS="emphasis">mv</EM> and <EMCLASS="emphasis">ln</EM>, have the same behavior.</P><PCLASS="para">Of course, this version of the command looks the same as a "regular"<EMCLASS="emphasis">cp</EM> command. This leads to a common frustration: what if thedirectory <EMCLASS="emphasis">somewhere</EM> doesn't exist? Maybe you forgot to createit; maybe you misspelled the name. <EMCLASS="emphasis">cp</EM> doesn't know that youreally meant a directory, so it just copies <EMCLASS="emphasis">file1</EM> into a newfile, <EMCLASS="emphasis">somewhere</EM>, in the current directory. There are plenty ofsituations in which this can be plenty confusing, and even (if you'reunlucky) lead to errors.</P><PCLASS="para">There's an easy safeguard, though. If you're copying files into adirectory, add a slash and dot (<CODECLASS="literal">/.</CODE>) after the directory'spathname:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>cp file1</B></CODE> <CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>path-to-directory</I></CODE><CODECLASS="userinput"><B>/.</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">This makes a pathname to the<SPANCLASS="link">special entry named <CODECLASS="literal">.</CODE> (dot) (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch01_21.htm"TITLE="Making Pathnames ">1.21</A>, <ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch18_02.htm"TITLE="What's Really in a Directory ">18.2</A>)</SPAN>in the directory <EMCLASS="emphasis">somewhere</EM>-which is a link to the directory itself.If the directory named <EMCLASS="emphasis">somewhere</EM>doesn't exist, you'll get an error message: </P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>cp file1 somewhere/.</B></CODE>cp: somewhere/.: No such file or directory</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">ML</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch21_11.htm"TITLE="21.11 Safer Removing, Moving, and Copying "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 21.11 Safer Removing, Moving, and Copying "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch21_13.htm"TITLE="21.13 Read an Inode with stat "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 21.13 Read an Inode with stat "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">21.11 Safer Removing, Moving, and Copying </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">21.13 Read an Inode with stat </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -