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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 4] 4.2 A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:32:40Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch04_01.htm"TITLE="4. Organizing Your Home Directory"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch04_01.htm"TITLE="4.1 What? Me, Organized? "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch04_03.htm"TITLE="4.3 Organizing Nonexecutable Scripts "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch04_01.htm"TITLE="4.1 What? Me, Organized? "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 4.1 What? Me, Organized? "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 4<BR>Organizing Your Home Directory</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch04_03.htm"TITLE="4.3 Organizing Nonexecutable Scripts "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 4.3 Organizing Nonexecutable Scripts "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-2220">4.2 A bin Directory for Your Programs and Scripts </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-4332"></A>If you<SPANCLASS="link">compile programs (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch52_08.htm"TITLE="Building Programs from Source Code ">52.8</A>)</SPAN>or write<SPANCLASS="link">shell scripts (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch01_05.htm"TITLE="Anyone Can Program the Shell ">1.5</A>)</SPAN>,it's good to put them inone directory.This can be a subdirectory of your home directory.Or, if several people want to use these programs, you could pick any otherdirectory - as long as you have write access to it.Usually, the directory's name is something like <EMCLASS="emphasis">bin</EM>-thoughI namemine<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">.bin</EM> (with a leading dot) (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch01_15.htm"TITLE="Filenames ">1.15</A>)</SPAN>to keep it from cluttering my<EMCLASS="emphasis">ls</EM> listings.</P><OLCLASS="orderedlist"><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">For instance, to make a <EMCLASS="emphasis">bin</EM> under your home directory, type:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>cd</B></CODE>% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>mkdir bin</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para"></P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Once you have a directory for storing programs, be sure that the shellcan find the programs in it.Type the command <CODECLASS="literal">echo</CODE> <CODECLASS="literal">$PATH</CODE> and look for the directory's pathname.For instance, if your directory is called <EMCLASS="emphasis">/u/walt/bin</EM>, you should see:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>echo $PATH</B></CODE>...:/u/walt/bin:...</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">If the directory isn't in your <EMCLASS="emphasis">PATH</EM>,<SPANCLASS="link">add it (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch08_07.htm"TITLE="Setting Your Search Path ">8.7</A>)</SPAN>.</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Finally, if other people are sharing the directory, use a command like<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">chmod go+rx bin</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch22_07.htm"TITLE="Using chmod to Change File Permission ">22.7</A>)</SPAN>to give them access.</P></LI></OL><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-4365"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-4367"></A>When you add a new program to your <EMCLASS="emphasis">bin</EM> directory, if you use the Cshell, you need to use the shell's <EMCLASS="emphasis">rehash</EM> command.That's because the C shell doesn't search your path directlybut instead uses a hash table to find the commands more quickly.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch04_01.htm"TITLE="4.1 What? Me, Organized? "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 4.1 What? Me, Organized? "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch04_03.htm"TITLE="4.3 Organizing Nonexecutable Scripts "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 4.3 Organizing Nonexecutable Scripts "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">4.1 What? 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