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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 9] 9.4 Use Wildcards to Create Files? </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:34:55Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch09_01.htm"TITLE="9. Saving Time on the Command Line"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch09_03.htm"TITLE="9.3 Reprinting Your Command Line with CTRL-r "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch09_05.htm"TITLE="9.5 Build Strings with { } "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch09_03.htm"TITLE="9.3 Reprinting Your Command Line with CTRL-r "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 9.3 Reprinting Your Command Line with CTRL-r "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 9<BR>Saving Time on the Command Line</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch09_05.htm"TITLE="9.5 Build Strings with { } "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 9.5 Build Strings with { } "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-2231">9.4 Use Wildcards to Create Files? </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-9783"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-9786"></A>The shells' <CODECLASS="literal">[]</CODE> (square bracket) wildcards will match a rangeof files.For instance, if you have files named <EMCLASS="emphasis">afile</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">bfile</EM>,<EMCLASS="emphasis">cfile</EM>, and <EMCLASS="emphasis">dfile</EM>, you can print the first three by typing:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>lpr [a-c]file</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">Now, let's say that you want to create some more files called <EMCLASS="emphasis">efile</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">ffile</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">gfile</EM>, and <EMCLASS="emphasis">hfile</EM>.What's wrong with typing the command line below?Try it.Instead of <EMCLASS="emphasis">vi</EM>, you can use your favorite editor or the<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">touch</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch21_07.htm"TITLE="Setting File Modification Time with touch ">21.7</A>)</SPAN>command:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>vi [e-h]file</B></CODE> <EMCLASS="emphasis">Doesn't make those four files</EM>% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>ls</B></CODE>afile bfile cfile dfile</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">Stumped?Take a look at article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch01_16.htm"TITLE="Wildcards ">1.16</A>about wildcard matching.</P><PCLASS="para">The answer: wildcards can't match names that don't exist yet.That's especially true with a command like<SPANCLASS="link"><CODECLASS="literal">touch ?file</CODE> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch21_07.htm"TITLE="Setting File Modification Time with touch ">21.7</A>)</SPAN>or<CODECLASS="literal">touch *file</CODE>-think how many filenames thosewildcards could possibly create!</P><PCLASS="para">Article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch09_05.htm"TITLE="Build Strings with { } ">9.5</A>explains shell <CODECLASS="literal">{ }</CODE> operators that solve this problem.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch09_03.htm"TITLE="9.3 Reprinting Your Command Line with CTRL-r "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 9.3 Reprinting Your Command Line with CTRL-r "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch09_05.htm"TITLE="9.5 Build Strings with { } "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 9.5 Build Strings with { } "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">9.3 Reprinting Your Command Line with CTRL-r </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">9.5 Build Strings with { } </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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