ch43_25.htm

the unix power tools

CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Create a blank bitmap of a specified size.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pbmmask</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Create a mask bitmap from a regular bitmap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pbmpscale</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Enlarge pbm image with edge smoothing.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pbmreduce</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Read a portable bitmap and reduce it N times.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pbmupc</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Create a Universal Product Code bitmap.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pgmbentley</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Bentleyize a portable graymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pgmcrater</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Create cratered terrain by fractal forgery.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pgmedge</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Edge-detect a portable graymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pgmenhance</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Edge-enhance a portable graymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pgmhist</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Print a histogram of the values in a portable graymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pgmkernel</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Generate a convolution kernel (for pnmconvol use).</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pgmnoise</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Create a PGM made up of white noise.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pgmnorm</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Normalize the contrast in a portable graymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pgmoil</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Turn a portable graymap into an oil painting.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pgmramp</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Generate a grayscale ramp.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pgmtexture</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Calculate textural features on a portable graymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmalias</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Antialias a PNM (remove jaggies).</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmarith</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Perform arithmetic on two portable anymaps.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmcat</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Concatenate portable anymaps.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmcomp</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Create composite image from two PNMs.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmconvol</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>General MxN convolution on a portable anymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmcrop</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Crop a portable anymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
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><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmcut</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Cut a rectangle out of a portable anymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmdepth</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Change the maxval in a portable anymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmenlarge</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Read a portable anymap and enlarge it N times.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmfile</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Describe a portable anymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmflip</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Perform one or more flip operations on a portable anymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmgamma</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Perform gamma correction on a portable anymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmhisteq</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Histogram equalize a PNM.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmhistmap</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Draw a histogram for a PGM or PPM file.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmindex</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Build a visual index of a bunch of anymaps.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnminvert</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Invert a portable anymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmmargin</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Add a border to a portable anymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmnlfilt</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Miscellaneous non-linear filters.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmnoraw</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Force a portable anymap into plain format.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmpad</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Add borders to a PNM.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmpaste</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Paste a rectangle into a portable anymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmrotate</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Rotate a portable anymap by some angle.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmscale</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Scale a portable anymap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmshear</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Shear a portable anymap by some angle.</TD
></TR
><TR
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VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmsmooth</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Smooth out an image.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>pnmtile</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Replicate a portable anymap into a specified size.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppm3d</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Merge two PPM files into a red/blue (3-D glasses) PPM.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmbrighten</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Change image saturation and value on an HSV map.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmchange</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Change one color into another color.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmdim</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Dim a portable pixmap (similar to ppmbrighten).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmdist</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Simplistic grayscale convert for color images.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmdither</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Ordered dither for color images.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmflash</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Brighten a picture (similar to ppmbrighten).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmforge</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Fractal forgeries of clouds, planets, and starry skies.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmhist</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Print a histogram of a portable pixmap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmmake</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Create a pixmap of a specified size and color.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmtomap</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Extract all colors from a PPM file.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmmix</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Blend together two portable pixmaps (fade between).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmnorm</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Normalize the contrast in a portable pixmap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmntsc</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Make PPM look like a television image (dim every other row).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmpat</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Make a pretty pixmap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmquant</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Quantize the colors in a portable pixmap down to a specified number.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmquantall</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Run <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ppmquant</EM
> on a bunch of files all at once, so they share a common colormap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmqvga</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Eight plane quantization.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmrelief</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Run a Laplacian relief filter on a portable pixmap.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmshift</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Shift rows randomly left and right (water reflection).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>ppmspread</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Displace pixels by random amounts (unfocus image).</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><TABLE
CLASS="para.programreference"
BORDER="1"
><TR
><TH
VALIGN="TOP"
><A
CLASS="programreference"
HREF="examples/index.htm"
TITLE="bitmaps"
>bitmaps</A
><BR></TH
><TD
VALIGN="TOP"
>The <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>netpbm</EM
> package is also distributed with a set of
public domain bitmaps.
We've put these bitmaps on the CD-ROM as well.  
<A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-49893"
></A
><A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-49896"
></A
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><DIV
CLASS="sect1info"
><P
CLASS="SECT1INFO"
>- <SPAN
CLASS="authorinitials"
>LM</SPAN
>, <SPAN
CLASS="authorinitials"
>JP</SPAN
></P
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