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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 30] 30.37 Neatening Lines </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:46:00Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch30_01.htm"TITLE="30. vi Tips and Tricks"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch30_36.htm"TITLE="30.36 The ex Open Mode Can Be Handy "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch30_38.htm"TITLE="30.38 Finding Your Place with Undo "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch30_36.htm"TITLE="30.36 The ex Open Mode Can Be Handy "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 30.36 The ex Open Mode Can Be Handy "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 30<BR>vi Tips and Tricks</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch30_38.htm"TITLE="30.38 Finding Your Place with Undo "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 30.38 Finding Your Place with Undo "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-0023">30.37 Neatening Lines </A></H2><PCLASS="para">Have you made edits that left some of your lines too short or long?<ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-34661"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-34664"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-34667"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-34670"></A>The<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">fmt</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch35_02.htm"TITLE="Neatening Text with fmt ">35.2</A>)</SPAN>utility can clean that up.Here's an example. Let's say you're editing a file (email message,whatever) in <EMCLASS="emphasis">vi</EM> and the lines aren't even. They look like this:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">This file is a messwith some short linesand some lines that are too long - like this one, which goes on and on for quite a while and etc.Let's see what 'fmt' does with it.</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">You put your cursor on the first line and type (in command mode):</P><PCLASS="para"><TABLECLASS="screen.co"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="calloutlist"><ACLASS="co"HREF="ch30_22.htm"TITLE="30.22 Filtering Text Through a UNIX Command ">5!!</A> </PRE></TH><TDVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="screen"><CODECLASS="userinput"><B>5!!</B></CODE><CODECLASS="userinput"><B>fmt</B></CODE></PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></P><PCLASS="para">which means "<SPANCLASS="link">filter (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch30_22.htm"TITLE="Filtering Text Through a UNIX Command ">30.22</A>)</SPAN>5 lines through <EMCLASS="emphasis">fmt</EM>." Then the lines will look like this:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">This file is a mess with some short lines and some lines that are toolong - like this one, which goes on and on for quite a while and etc.Let's see what 'fmt' does with it.</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">This is handiest for formatting paragraphs. Put your cursor on thefirst line of the paragraph and type (in command mode):</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen"><CODECLASS="userinput"><B>!}fmt</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">If you don't have any text in your file that needs to be kept as is,you can neaten the whole file at once by typing:</P><PCLASS="para"><TABLECLASS="screen.co"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="calloutlist"><ACLASS="co"HREF="ch33_03.htm"TITLE="33.3 Line Addressing ">%</A> </PRE></TH><TDVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="screen"><CODECLASS="userinput"><B>:</B></CODE><CODECLASS="userinput"><B>%</B></CODE><CODECLASS="userinput"><B>!fmt</B></CODE></PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></P><PCLASS="para">There are a few different versions of <EMCLASS="emphasis">fmt</EM>, some fancier than others.Most of the articles in the chapter about editing-related toolscan be handy too.For example,<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">recomment</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch35_04.htm"TITLE="recomment: Clean Up Program Comment Blocks ">35.4</A>)</SPAN>reformats program comment blocks.<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">cut</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch35_14.htm"TITLE="Cutting Columns or Fields with cut ">35.14</A>)</SPAN>can remove columns, fields, or shorten lines;<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">tr</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch35_11.htm"TITLE="Hacking on Characters with tr ">35.11</A>)</SPAN>can do other transformations.To neaten columns, try filtering through with the setup in article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch35_22.htm"TITLE="Straightening Jagged Columns ">35.22</A>.In general, if the utility will read its standard input and writeconverted text to its standard output, you can use the utility asa <EMCLASS="emphasis">vi</EM> filter.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch30_36.htm"TITLE="30.36 The ex Open Mode Can Be Handy "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 30.36 The ex Open Mode Can Be Handy "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch30_38.htm"TITLE="30.38 Finding Your Place with Undo "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 30.38 Finding Your Place with Undo "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">30.36 The ex Open Mode Can Be Handy </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">30.38 Finding Your Place with Undo </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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