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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 2] Logging In</TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:31:50Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="part01.htm"TITLE="I. Making Yourself at Home "><LINKREL="prev"HREF="part01.htm"TITLE="I. Making Yourself at Home "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch02_02.htm"TITLE="2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="PART"HREF="part01.htm"TITLE="I. Making Yourself at Home "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: I. Making Yourself at Home "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 2</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch02_02.htm"TITLE="2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="CHAPTER"><H1CLASS="chapter"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-CHP-2">2. Logging In</A></H1><DIVCLASS="htmltoc"><P><B>Contents:</B><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="#UPT-ART-4790"TITLE="2.1 Customizing the Shell ">Customizing the Shell </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_02.htm"TITLE="2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why ">Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_03.htm"TITLE="2.3 What Goes in Shell Setup Files? ">What Goes in Shell Setup Files? </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_04.htm"TITLE="2.4 Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready ">Tip for Changing Account Setup: Keep a Shell Ready </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_05.htm"TITLE="2.5 Tips for Speeding up Slow Logins ">Tips for Speeding up Slow Logins </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_06.htm"TITLE="2.6 Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files ">Use Absolute Pathnames in Shell Setup Files </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_07.htm"TITLE="2.7 C Shell Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want Them to Be? ">C Shell Setup Files Aren't Read When You Want Them to Be? </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_08.htm"TITLE="2.8 Identifying Login Shells ">Identifying Login Shells </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_09.htm"TITLE="2.9 Speeding Up Your C Shell with set prompt Test ">Speeding Up Your C Shell with set prompt Test </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_10.htm"TITLE="2.10 Gotchas in set prompt Test ">Gotchas in set prompt Test </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_11.htm"TITLE="2.11 Faster ksh and bash Startup with $- Test ">Faster ksh and bash Startup with $- Test </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_12.htm"TITLE="2.12 Automatic Setups for Different Terminals ">Automatic Setups for Different Terminals </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_13.htm"TITLE="2.13 A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup ">A .cshrc.$HOST File for Per Host Setup </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_14.htm"TITLE="2.14 motd.diff: Show New Lines in Login Messages">motd.diff: Show New Lines in Login Messages</A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_15.htm"TITLE="2.15 Unclutter Logins: Show Login Messages Just Once ">Unclutter Logins: Show Login Messages Just Once </A><BR><ACLASS="sect1"HREF="ch02_16.htm"TITLE="2.16 Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell ">Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell </A></P><P></P></DIV><DIVCLASS="sect1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-4790">2.1 Customizing the Shell </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="UPT-ART-4790-IX-CUSTOM-SHELLS"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="UPT-ART-4790-IX-SHELLS-CUSTOMIZING"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="UPT-ART-4790-IX-LOGGING-IN"></A>You probably know that shells can be customized to work the way you want themto with <SPANCLASS="link">shell and environment variables (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch06_08.htm"TITLE="Shell Variables ">6.8</A>, <ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch06_01.htm#UPT-ART-1170"TITLE="What Environment Variables Are Good For ">6.1</A>)</SPAN>,<SPANCLASS="link">command aliases, shell functions (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch10_01.htm#UPT-ART-4930"TITLE="Creating Custom Commands ">10.1</A>)</SPAN>,and so on.</P><PCLASS="para">You can set variables and create aliases by hand at any time, but the shell will "forget" your settingswhen you log out.To use the same settings every time you log in, put the commands in special<SPANCLASS="link">shell setup files (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch02_02.htm"TITLE="Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why ">2.2</A>)</SPAN>in your home directory.These files aren't just for setting things like shell variables.Shells can run any UNIX command when you log in and log out.All of this can save time and make your login session do more for you.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="PART"HREF="part01.htm"TITLE="I. Making Yourself at Home "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: I. Making Yourself at Home "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch02_02.htm"TITLE="2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">I. Making Yourself at Home </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">2.2 Shell Setup Files-Which, Where, and Why </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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