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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 28] 28.15 Show Changes in a troff File with diffmk </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:44:55Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch28_01.htm"TITLE="28. Comparing Files"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch28_14.htm"TITLE="28.14 Even More Uses for make "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch29_01.htm"TITLE="29. Spell Checking, Word Counting, and Textual Analysis"></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch28_14.htm"TITLE="28.14 Even More Uses for make "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 28.14 Even More Uses for make "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 28<BR>Comparing Files</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="CHAPTER"HREF="ch29_01.htm"TITLE="29. Spell Checking, Word Counting, and Textual Analysis"><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 29. Spell Checking, Word Counting, and Textual Analysis"BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-2530">28.15 Show Changes in a troff File with diffmk </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-31715"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-31717"></A>Whenever you produce multiple drafts of a document for review,"change marks" in the newer draft are useful for showing where additions and deletions have occurred.The<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">troff</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch43_13.htm"TITLE="The Text Formatters nroff, troff, ditroff, ... ">43.13</A>)</SPAN>request <CODECLASS="literal">.mc</CODE>(margin character) can be used to print change marks in the margin of anydocument that is formatted through <EMCLASS="emphasis">troff</EM>, and the UNIX command <EMCLASS="emphasis">diffmk</EM> uses <CODECLASS="literal">.mc</CODE> requests to produce marked drafts.<EMCLASS="emphasis">diffmk</EM> has the following syntax:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>diffmk version.1 version.2 marked_file</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">The above command line compares an old version of a file (<EMCLASS="emphasis">version.1</EM>) to a new version (<EMCLASS="emphasis">version.2</EM>) and creates a third file,<EMCLASS="emphasis">marked_file</EM>. <EMCLASS="emphasis">marked_file</EM> consists ofthe contents of <EMCLASS="emphasis">version.2</EM> plus <CODECLASS="literal">.mc</CODE> requeststhat show where that file differs from <EMCLASS="emphasis">version.1</EM>.When <EMCLASS="emphasis">marked_file</EM> is formatted, additions and changes will be indicated by vertical bars (<CODECLASS="literal">|</CODE>) in the margin,while deleted text will beindicated by an asterisk (<CODECLASS="literal">*</CODE>) in the margin.</P><PCLASS="para">There are times when you'll want the <EMCLASS="emphasis">diffmk</EM> command torun on many files at once. For example, suppose you have a projectdirectory containing eight chapter files from a first draft:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>ls project</B></CODE>chapters.old/ stuff% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>ls project/chapters.old</B></CODE>ch01 ch03 ch05 ch07ch02 ch04 ch06 ch08</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">Before making second-draft revisions, you copy the chapter files into a directorynamed <EMCLASS="emphasis">chapters.new</EM>:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>ls project</B></CODE>chapters.new/ chapters.old/ stuff% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>cd project/chapters.new</B></CODE>% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>ls</B></CODE>ch01 ch03 ch05 ch07ch02 ch04 ch06 ch08</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para"> Copying the files allows you to edit new versions while preserving the original files in theold directory. After you've edited the files in the new directory,you want to run <EMCLASS="emphasis">diffmk</EM> on all of them. In the new directory, youwould want to type:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>diffmk ../chapters.old/ch01 ch01 ch01.diffmk</B></CODE>% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>diffmk ../chapters.old/ch02 ch02 ch02.diffmk</B></CODE>% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>diffmk ../chapters.old/ch03 ch03 ch03.diffmk</B></CODE> ...</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">A<SPANCLASS="link">shell loop (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch09_11.htm"TITLE="Repeating a Command with a foreach Loop ">9.11</A>, <ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch09_12.htm"TITLE="The Bourne Shell for Loop ">9.12</A>)</SPAN>would simplify the amount of typing you need to do.You can save disk space by using a version control utilitysuch as<SPANCLASS="link">SCCS or RCS (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch20_12.htm"TITLE="Protecting Files with SCCS or RCS ">20.12</A>)</SPAN>.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">DG</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch28_14.htm"TITLE="28.14 Even More Uses for make "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 28.14 Even More Uses for make "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="CHAPTER"HREF="ch29_01.htm"TITLE="29. Spell Checking, Word Counting, and Textual Analysis"><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 29. Spell Checking, Word Counting, and Textual Analysis"BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">28.14 Even More Uses for make </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">29. 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