ch38_05.htm

the unix power tools

CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Z:  <SPAN
CLASS="link"
>Zombie process (<A
CLASS="linkend"
HREF="ch38_16.htm"
TITLE="Why You Can't Kill a Zombie "
>38.16</A
>)</SPAN
>.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
></TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>D (BSD):  Disk wait.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
></TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>P (BSD):  Page wait.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
></TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>X (System V):  Growing: waiting for memory.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
></TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>K (AIX):  Available kernel process.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
></TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>W (BSD):  Swapped out.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
></TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>N (BSD):  <SPAN
CLASS="link"
>Niced (<A
CLASS="linkend"
HREF="ch39_09.htm"
TITLE='Know When to Be "nice&quot; to OTher Users...and When
Not to'
>39.9</A
>, <A
CLASS="linkend"
HREF="ch39_11.htm"
TITLE="Changing a Job's Priority Under BSD UNIX "
>39.11</A
>)</SPAN
>:execution priority lowered.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
></TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>&gt; (BSD):  Execution priority<SPAN
CLASS="link"
>artificially raised (<A
CLASS="linkend"
HREF="ch39_11.htm"
TITLE="Changing a Job's Priority Under BSD UNIX "
>39.11</A
>)</SPAN
>.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>TIME</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Total CPU time used.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>COMMAND</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Command line being executed (may be truncated).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>STIME (System V)</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Time or date process started.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>C (System V),</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Short term CPU-use factor; used by scheduler for</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>   CP (BSD)</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>computing execution priority (PRI below).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>F</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Flags associated with process (see <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ps</EM
> manual page).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>PPID</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Parent's PID.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>PRI</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Actual execution priority (recomputed dynamically).</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>NI</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Process <SPAN
CLASS="link"
>nice number (<A
CLASS="linkend"
HREF="ch39_09.htm"
TITLE='Know When to Be "nice&quot; to OTher Users...and When
Not to'
>39.9</A
>)</SPAN
>.</TD
></TR
><TR
CLASS="row"
VALIGN="TOP"
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>WCHAN</TD
><TD
CLASS="entry"
ROWSPAN="1"
COLSPAN="1"
>Event process is waiting for.</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="footnote"
><P
CLASS="para"
>[3] Some vendors add other fields, such as the processor number for
multiprocessors and additional or different process states (as in the
AIX K field). These codes may differ from vendor to vendor: for
example, the 0 code under Stardent UNIX means a process that is
actually running (and R means runable) while 0 under AIX means a
nonexistent process.</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
><P
CLASS="para"
><A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-42690"
></A
>A vaguely similar listing is produced by the System V <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ps -ef</EM
> command:
<BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="screen"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>$ <CODE
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>ps -ef</B
></CODE
>
   UID   PID  PPID   C    STIME     TTY  TIME CMD
  root     0     0   0 09:36:35       ?  0:00 sched
  root     1     0   0 09:36:35       ?  0:02 /etc/init 
  ...
  gull  7997     1  10 09:49:32   ttyp3  0:04 csh
martin 12923 11324   9 10:19:49   ttyp5 56:12 f77 -o foo foo.F     
chavez 16725 16652  15 17:02:43   ttyp6 10:04 g94 HgO.dat
    ng 17026 17012  14 17:23:12 console  0:19 vi benzene.txt</PRE
></BLOCKQUOTE
></P
><P
CLASS="para"
><A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-42697"
></A
>The columns hold the username, process ID, parent's PID (the
PID of the process that created it), the current scheduler
value, the time the process started, its associated terminal, its
accumulated CPU time, and the command it is running. Note that
the ordering is by PID, not resource usage.</P
><P
CLASS="para"
><A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-42700"
></A
>AIX's version of the <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ps</EM
> command supports both BSD
and System V options. The BSD options are not preceded by a
hyphen (which is a legal syntax variation), and the System V options
are. Thus, under AIX, <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>ps&nbsp;-au</CODE
> is not the same as
<CODE
CLASS="literal"
>ps&nbsp;au</CODE
>.  The command is the System V version, however, even if
its output is displayed with the BSD column headings. Thus,
<EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ps aux</EM
> output is displayed in <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>PID</CODE
> rather than
<CODE
CLASS="literal"
>%CPU</CODE
> order.</P
><P
CLASS="para"
><A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-42710"
></A
><A
CLASS="indexterm"
NAME="AUTOID-42713"
></A
><EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>ps</EM
> is also useful in pipes; a common use is:</P
><P
CLASS="para"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="screen"
><PRE
CLASS="screen"
>% <CODE
CLASS="userinput"
><B
>ps -aux | grep chavez</B
></CODE
></PRE
></BLOCKQUOTE
></P
><P
CLASS="para"
>to see what user <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>chavez</EM
> has currently running.  [Under System V,
use <CODE
CLASS="literal"
>ps&nbsp;-u&nbsp;chavez</CODE
>. <EM
CLASS="emphasis"
>-JP</EM
>]</P
><DIV
CLASS="sect1info"
><P
CLASS="SECT1INFO"
>- <SPAN
CLASS="authorinitials"
>AF</SPAN
> <SPAN
CLASS="bibliomisc"
>from O'Reilly &amp; Associates' <CITE
CLASS="citetitle"
>Essential System Administration</CITE
>, Chapter 7</SPAN
></P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="htmlnav"
><P
></P
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="515"
TITLE="footer"><TABLE
WIDTH="515"
BORDER="0"
CELLSPACING="0"
CELLPADDING="0"
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="172"
><A
CLASS="SECT1"
HREF="ch38_04.htm"
TITLE="38.4 Subshells "
><IMG
SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"
SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"
ALT="Previous: 38.4 Subshells "
BORDER="0"></A
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="171"
><A
CLASS="book"
HREF="index.htm"
TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"
><IMG
SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"
SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"
ALT="UNIX Power Tools"
BORDER="0"></A
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="RIGHT"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="172"
><A
CLASS="SECT1"
HREF="ch38_06.htm"
TITLE="38.6 The Controlling Terminal "
><IMG
SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"
SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"
ALT="Next: 38.6 The Controlling Terminal "
BORDER="0"></A
></TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
ALIGN="LEFT"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="172"
>38.4 Subshells </TD
><TD
ALIGN="CENTER"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="171"
><A
CLASS="index"
HREF="index/idx_0.htm"
TITLE="Book Index"
><IMG
SRC="gifs/index.gif"
SRC="gifs/index.gif"
ALT="Book Index"
BORDER="0"></A
></TD
><TD
ALIGN="RIGHT"
VALIGN="TOP"
WIDTH="172"
>38.6 The Controlling Terminal </TD
></TR
></TABLE
><HR
ALIGN="LEFT"
WIDTH="515"
TITLE="footer"><IMG
SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"
SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"
USEMAP="#map"
BORDER="0"
ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAP
NAME="map"
><AREA
SHAPE="RECT"
COORDS="0,0,73,21"
HREF="../index.htm"
ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREA
SHAPE="RECT"
COORDS="74,0,163,21"
HREF="index.htm"
ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREA
SHAPE="RECT"
COORDS="164,0,257,21"
HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"
ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREA
SHAPE="RECT"
COORDS="258,0,321,21"
HREF="../vi/index.htm"
ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREA
SHAPE="RECT"
COORDS="322,0,378,21"
HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"
ALT="sed &amp; awk"><AREA
SHAPE="RECT"
COORDS="379,0,438,21"
HREF="../ksh/index.htm"
ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREA
SHAPE="RECT"
COORDS="439,0,514,21"
HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"
ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP
></DIV
></BODY
></HTML
>