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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 1] 1.33 UNIX Networking and Communications </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:31:43Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch01_01.htm"TITLE="1. Introduction"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch01_32.htm"TITLE="1.32 One Big Hole "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch01_34.htm"TITLE="1.34 What's Wrong with UNIX "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch01_32.htm"TITLE="1.32 One Big Hole "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 1.32 One Big Hole "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 1<BR>Introduction</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch01_34.htm"TITLE="1.34 What's Wrong with UNIX "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 1.34 What's Wrong with UNIX "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-6688">1.33 UNIX Networking and Communications </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2544"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2547"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2549"></A>Generally speaking, a network lets two or more computers communicate and worktogether.Partly because of its open design, UNIX has been one of the operating systemswhere a lot of networking development is done.Just as there are different versions of UNIX, there are different waysand programs to use networks from UNIX.</P><PCLASS="para"><SPANCLASS="link">We don't cover networking in this book (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch01_32.htm"TITLE="One Big Hole ">1.32</A>)</SPAN>.This article has a summary of some common UNIX networking and communicationsutilities.</P><DLCLASS="variablelist"><DTCLASS="term"><EMCLASS="emphasis">The Internet</EM></DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2559"></A>A worldwide network of computers.Internet users can transfer files, log into other computers, and use awide range of programs and services.<ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2561"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2563"></A></P></DD><DTCLASS="term">WWW</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">The World Wide Web is a fast-growing set of information servers on the Internet.The servers are linked into a hypertext web of documents, graphics,sound, and more.Point-and-click <EMCLASS="emphasis">browser</EM> programs turn that hypertext into aneasy-to-use Internet interface.(For many people, the Web <EMCLASS="emphasis">is</EM> the Internet.But UNIX lets you do much more.)<ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2571"></A></P></DD><DTCLASS="term">mail</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">A UNIX program that's been around for years, long before networking wascommon, is <EMCLASS="emphasis">mail</EM>.It sends electronic memos, usually called <EMCLASS="emphasis">email messages</EM>, betweena user and one or more other users.When you send email, your message waits for the other user(s) to starttheir own mail program.The people who get your message can file it, print it, reply to it, forwardit to other people, and much more.System programs can send you mail to tell you about problems or give youinformation.You can send mail to programs, to ask them for information.Worldwide mailing lists connect users into discussion groups.</P><PCLASS="para">There's more, of course.There are zillions of mail programs for UNIX-some standard, some fromvendors, and many freely available.The more common email programs include <EMCLASS="emphasis">mailx</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">Pine</EM>,<EMCLASS="emphasis">mush</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">elm</EM>, and MH (a package made up of many utilties including<EMCLASS="emphasis">comp</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">inc</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">show</EM>, and so on).Find onethat's right for you and use it!</P></DD><DTCLASS="term"><EMCLASS="emphasis">ftp</EM></DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2592"></A>The <EMCLASS="emphasis">ftp</EM> program is one way to transfer files between your computerand another computer with TCP/IP, often over the Internet network.<EMCLASS="emphasis">ftp</EM> requires a username and password on the remote computer.<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">Anonymous ftp</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch52_07.htm"TITLE="Other Ways to Get the Software ">52.7</A>)</SPAN><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2598"></A>uses the <EMCLASS="emphasis">ftp</EM> program and a special restricted account named<EMCLASS="emphasis">anonymous</EM> on the remote computer.It's usually used for transferring freely available files and programsfrom central sites to users at many other computers.</P></DD><DTCLASS="term">UUCP</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2607"></A>UNIX-to-UNIX Copy is a family of programs(<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">uucp</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch52_07.htm"TITLE="Other Ways to Get the Software ">52.7</A>)</SPAN>,<EMCLASS="emphasis">uux</EM>,<EMCLASS="emphasis">uulog</EM>, and others) for transferring files and email between computers.UUCP is usually used with modems over telephone lines.</P></DD><DTCLASS="term">Usenet</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2617"></A>Usenet isn't exactly a network.It's a collection of thousands of computers worldwide that exchangefiles called <EMCLASS="emphasis">news articles</EM>.This "net news" system has hundreds of interactive discussion groups,electronic bulletin boards, for discussing everything from technicaltopics to erotic art.</P></DD><DTCLASS="term">telnet</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2624"></A>This utility logs you into a remote computer over a network (suchas the Internet) using TCP/IP.You can work on the remote computer as if it were your local computer.The <EMCLASS="emphasis">telnet</EM> program is available on many operating systems;<EMCLASS="emphasis">telnet</EM> can log you into other operating systems from your UNIXhost and vice versa.A special version of <EMCLASS="emphasis">telnet</EM> called <EMCLASS="emphasis">tn3270</EM> will log intoIBM mainframes.</P></DD><DTCLASS="term">rlogin</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2634"></A>Similar to <EMCLASS="emphasis">telnet</EM> but mostly used between UNIX systems. Special setups, including a file named <EMCLASS="emphasis">.rhosts</EM> in your remotehome directory, let you log into the remote computer without typingyour password.</P></DD><DTCLASS="term">rcp</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2642"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2644"></A>A "<EMCLASS="emphasis">r</EM>emote <EMCLASS="emphasis">cp</EM>" program for copying files between computers.It has the same command-line syntax as <EMCLASS="emphasis">cp</EM> except that hostnames areadded to the remote pathnames.</P></DD><DTCLASS="term">rsh</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2654"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2656"></A>Starts a "<EMCLASS="emphasis">r</EM>emote <EMCLASS="emphasis">sh</EM>ell" to run a command on a remotesystem without needing to log in interactively.</P></DD><DTCLASS="term">NFS</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2665"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2667"></A>NFS isn't a user utility.The Network FileSystem and related packages like NIS (the NetworkInformation Service) let your system administrator mount remotecomputers' filesystems onto your local computer.You can use the remote filesystem as easily as if it were on your localcomputer.</P></DD><DTCLASS="term">write</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2674"></A>Sends messsages to another user's screen.Two users can have a discussion with <EMCLASS="emphasis">write</EM>.</P></DD><DTCLASS="term">talk</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-2681"></A>A more sophisticated program than <EMCLASS="emphasis">write</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">talk</EM> splits thescreen into two pieces and lets users type at the same time if they wantto.<EMCLASS="emphasis">talk</EM> can be used over networks, though not all versions of<EMCLASS="emphasis">talk</EM> can talk to one another.</P></DD></DL><PCLASS="para">If you'd like more information, there are quite a few books aboutnetworking.Some Nutshell Handbooks on networking and communications include<EMCLASS="emphasis">The Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog</EM> - ail, Usenet, <EMCLASS="emphasis">ftp</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">telnet</EM>, and more);<EMCLASS="emphasis">Using Usenet</EM>;<EMCLASS="emphasis">!%@:: The Directory of Electronic Mail Addressing & Networks</EM>;and many more advanced books for programming and administration.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch01_32.htm"TITLE="1.32 One Big Hole "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 1.32 One Big Hole "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch01_34.htm"TITLE="1.34 What's Wrong with UNIX "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 1.34 What's Wrong with UNIX "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">1.32 One Big Hole </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">1.34 What's Wrong with UNIX </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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