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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 16] 16.13 Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:37:46Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch16_01.htm"TITLE="16. Where Did I Put That?"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch16_12.htm"TITLE="16.12 Useful ls Aliases "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch16_14.htm"TITLE="16.14 Showing Non-Printable Characters in Filenames "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch16_12.htm"TITLE="16.12 Useful ls Aliases "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 16.12 Useful ls Aliases "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 16<BR>Where Did I Put That?</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch16_14.htm"TITLE="16.14 Showing Non-Printable Characters in Filenames "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 16.14 Showing Non-Printable Characters in Filenames "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-0037">16.13 Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-17286"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-17289"></A>What's wrong here?</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>ls</B></CODE>afile exefiles j toobig% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>lpr afile</B></CODE>lpr: afile: No such file or directory</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">Huh??<EMCLASS="emphasis">ls</EM> shows that the file is there, doesn't it?Try using:</P><PCLASS="para"><TABLECLASS="screen.co"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="calloutlist"><ACLASS="co"HREF="ch25_07.htm"TITLE="25.7 Show Non-Printing Characters with cat -v or od -c ">-v</A> <ACLASS="co"HREF="ch25_06.htm"TITLE="25.6 What's in That White Space? ">-t -e</A> </PRE></TH><TDVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>ls -l | cat </B></CODE><CODECLASS="userinput"><B>-v -t -e</B></CODE>total 89$-rw-rw-rw- 1 jerry 28 Mar 7 19:46 afile $-rw-r--r-- 1 root 25179 Mar 4 20:34 exefiles$-rw-rw-rw- 1 jerry 794 Mar 7 14:23 j$-rw-r--r-- 1 root 100 Mar 5 18:24 toobig$</PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></P><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-17305"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-17308"></A>The <EMCLASS="emphasis">cat -e</EM> option marks the ends of lines with a <CODECLASS="literal">$</CODE>.Notice that <CODECLASS="literal">afile</CODE> has a <CODECLASS="literal">$</CODE> out past the start of the column.Aha... the filename ends with a space.Whitespace characters like TABs have the same problem, though thedefault<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">ls -q</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch16_14.htm"TITLE="Showing Non-Printable Characters in Filenames ">16.14</A>)</SPAN>option (on many UNIX versions) shows them as <CODECLASS="literal">?</CODE>if you're using a terminal.</P><PCLASS="para">To rename <EMCLASS="emphasis">afile </EM>, giving it a name without the space, type:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>mv "afile " afile</B></CODE></PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">The<SPANCLASS="link">quotes (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch08_14.htm"TITLE="Bourne Shell Quoting ">8.14</A>)</SPAN>tell the shell to include the space as part of the first argumentit passes to <EMCLASS="emphasis">mv</EM>.The same quoting works for other UNIX commands like <EMCLASS="emphasis">rm</EM>, too.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch16_12.htm"TITLE="16.12 Useful ls Aliases "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 16.12 Useful ls Aliases "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch16_14.htm"TITLE="16.14 Showing Non-Printable Characters in Filenames "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 16.14 Showing Non-Printable Characters in Filenames "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">16.12 Useful ls Aliases </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">16.14 Showing Non-Printable Characters in Filenames </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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