📄 ch31_02.htm
字号:
<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 31] 31.2 Save Time and Typing with the vi map Commands </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:46:09Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch31_01.htm"TITLE="31. Creating Custom Commands in vi"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch31_01.htm"TITLE="31.1 Why Type More Than You Have To? "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch31_03.htm"TITLE="31.3 What You Lose When You Use map! "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch31_01.htm"TITLE="31.1 Why Type More Than You Have To? "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 31.1 Why Type More Than You Have To? "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 31<BR>Creating Custom Commands in vi</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch31_03.htm"TITLE="31.3 What You Lose When You Use map! "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 31.3 What You Lose When You Use map! "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-2770">31.2 Save Time and Typing with the vi map Commands </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="UPT-ART-2770-IX-VI-EDITOR-MAP-COMMANDS"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="UPT-ART-2770-IX-KEYBOARD-SHORTCUTS-VI-MAP-COMMANDS"></A>While you're editing, you may find that you are using a commandsequence frequently, or you may occasionally use a very complexcommand sequence. To save yourself keystrokes, or the time it takesto remember the sequence, assign the sequence to an unused key byusing the <CODECLASS="literal">map</CODE> and <CODECLASS="literal">map!</CODE> commands.</P><DIVCLASS="sect2"><H3CLASS="sect2"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-2770-SECT-1.1">31.2.1 Command Mode Maps </A></H3><PCLASS="para">The <CODECLASS="literal">map</CODE> command acts a lot like<SPANCLASS="link"><CODECLASS="literal">ab</CODE> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch30_31.htm"TITLE="vi Word Abbreviation ">30.31</A>)</SPAN>except that youdefine a macro for command mode instead of text-input mode.(The <CODECLASS="literal">map!</CODE> command works during text-input mode.See below.)</P><DLCLASS="variablelist"><DTCLASS="term"><CODECLASS="literal">map </CODE><CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>x sequence</I></CODE></DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Define <EMCLASS="emphasis">x</EM> as a <EMCLASS="emphasis">sequence</EM> of editing commands.</P></DD><DTCLASS="term"><CODECLASS="literal">unmap </CODE><CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>x</I></CODE></DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Disable the <EMCLASS="emphasis">x</EM> definition.</P></DD><DTCLASS="term"><CODECLASS="literal">map</CODE></DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">List the characters that are currently mapped.</P></DD></DL><PCLASS="para">As with other <EMCLASS="emphasis">ex</EM>-mode commands, these map commands can be saved in your<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">.exrc</EM> file (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch04_09.htm"TITLE="Setting Up vi with the .exrc File ">4.9</A>)</SPAN>-or typed in after a colon (<CODECLASS="literal">:</CODE>).If you want a keymap to use only during this editing session, you mightfind that <EMCLASS="emphasis">vi</EM><SPANCLASS="link"><CODECLASS="literal">@</CODE>-functions (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch31_04.htm"TITLE="vi @-Functions ">31.4</A>)</SPAN>are easier to create and use.The map commands are best for keymaps that you save in your <EMCLASS="emphasis">.exrc</EM>file and use during many editing sessions.</P><PCLASS="para">Before you can start creating your own maps, you need to know thekeys not used in command mode that are available for user-definedcommands:<ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-34855"></A></P><DLCLASS="variablelist"><DTCLASS="term">Letters:</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><CODECLASS="literal">g K q V v</CODE></P></DD><DTCLASS="term">Control keys:</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><CODECLASS="literal">^A ^K ^O ^T ^W ^X</CODE></P></DD><DTCLASS="term">Symbols:</DT><DDCLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para"><CODECLASS="literal">_ * \ =</CODE>(Note: the = is used by <EMCLASS="emphasis">vi</EM> if Lisp mode is set.)</P></DD></DL><PCLASS="para">With maps you can create simple or complex command sequences.As a simple example, you could define a command to reverse the order ofwords.In <EMCLASS="emphasis">vi</EM>, with the cursor as shown:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">you can _the scroll page</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">the sequence to put <EMCLASS="emphasis">the</EM> after <EMCLASS="emphasis">scroll</EM> would be<CODECLASS="literal">dwwP</CODE>: delete word, <CODECLASS="literal">dw</CODE>; move to the next word,<CODECLASS="literal">w</CODE>; put the deleted word before that word, <CODECLASS="literal">P</CODE>.(You can also use <CODECLASS="literal">W</CODE> instead of <CODECLASS="literal">w</CODE>.)Saving this sequence:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">map v dwwP</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para">enables you to reverse the order of two words at any time in the editingsession with the single keystroke <CODECLASS="literal">v</CODE>.</P><PCLASS="para">You can also map certain multiple-character sequences.Start the map with one of the symbols in the list above.For example, to map the keystrokes <CODECLASS="literal">*s</CODE> to put single quotesaround a word (<CODECLASS="literal">'</CODE><CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>word</I></CODE><CODECLASS="literal">'</CODE>),and <CODECLASS="literal">*d</CODE> to use double quotes (<CODECLASS="literal">"</CODE><CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>word</I></CODE><CODECLASS="literal">"</CODE>):</P><PCLASS="para"><TABLECLASS="screen.co"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="calloutlist"><ACLASS="co"HREF="ch31_06.htm"TITLE="31.6 Protecting Keys from Interpretation by ex ">^[</A> </PRE></TH><TDVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="screen">map *s Ea'^[Bi'^[map *d Ea"^[Bi"^[</PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></P><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-34905"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-34907"></A>Now you'll be able to make hundreds of key maps (though your versionof <EMCLASS="emphasis">vi</EM> probably has a limit).Article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch31_09.htm"TITLE="Good Stuff for Your .exrc File ">31.9</A>has lots of examples.</P><PCLASS="para"> You may also be able to associate mapsequences with your terminal's function keys ifyour<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">termcap</EM> or <EMCLASS="emphasis">terminfo</EM> entry (<ACLASS="linkend"⌨️ 快捷键说明
复制代码
Ctrl + C
搜索代码
Ctrl + F
全屏模式
F11
切换主题
Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键
?
增大字号
Ctrl + =
减小字号
Ctrl + -