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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 43] 43.10 Filename Headers Above Files Without pr </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-10-23T15:51:50Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch43_01.htm"TITLE="43. Printing"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch43_09.htm"TITLE="43.9 Indenting Text for Printing "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch43_11.htm"TITLE="43.11 Big Letters: banner "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch43_09.htm"TITLE="43.9 Indenting Text for Printing "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 43.9 Indenting Text for Printing "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 43<BR>Printing</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch43_11.htm"TITLE="43.11 Big Letters: banner "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 43.11 Big Letters: banner "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-0054">43.10 Filename Headers Above Files Without pr </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-48043"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-48046"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-48049"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-48052"></A><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-48054"></A>The<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">pr</EM> command (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch43_07.htm"TITLE="Quick-and-Dirty Formatting Before Printing ">43.7</A>)</SPAN>displays your files with a nice header above them.But it can also add a bunch of blank lines to fill a page and breakthe file to add more headers in the middle if the file is longer than apage.This article shows alternatives to <EMCLASS="emphasis">pr</EM> that print a single headerfollowed by the entire file, with no extra blank lines or page breaks.</P><OLCLASS="orderedlist"><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">When you redirect the output of<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">more</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch25_03.htm"TITLE="Using more to Page Through Files ">25.3</A>)</SPAN>(or <EMCLASS="emphasis">pg</EM>)somewhere besides a terminal, it doesn't stop at the end of a screenful.It prints a little header above each file and outputs all the filesat once.Instead of redirecting the output to a file, you could pipe it toanother program - like your print spooler:</P><PCLASS="para"><TABLECLASS="screen.co"BORDER="1"><TR><THVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="calloutlist"> <ACLASS="co"HREF="ch25_02.htm"TITLE="25.2 Four Ways to Skin a cat ">cat</A> </PRE></TH><TDVALIGN="TOP"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>more file* > package</B></CODE>% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>cat</B></CODE><CODECLASS="userinput"><B> package</B></CODE>::::::::::::::<CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>file1</I></CODE>::::::::::::::<ICLASS="lineannotation">...contents of file1....</I>::::::::::::::<CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>file2</I></CODE>::::::::::::::<ICLASS="lineannotation">...contents of file2....</I>...</PRE></TD></TR></TABLE></P><PCLASS="para">Another way to get similar headers is a feature of<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">head</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch25_20.htm"TITLE="Printing the Top of a File ">25.20</A>)</SPAN>:when you give multiple filenames, itadds a header above each.To be sure <EMCLASS="emphasis">head</EM> gives you all of your file (not just the head), use aline count bigger than any of your files, with a command like<CODECLASS="literal">head -10000</CODE>.</P></LI><LICLASS="listitem"><PCLASS="para">Bourne shell<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">for</EM> loops with redirected output (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch45_22.htm"TITLE="Handling Files Line-by-Line ">45.22</A>)</SPAN>let you combine a bunch of commands and grab the output of all of them at once.Here's a loop that runs <EMCLASS="emphasis">ls -l</EM> on each file.It uses<SPANCLASS="link"><EMCLASS="emphasis">awk</EM> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch33_11.htm"TITLE="Quick Reference: awk ">33.11</A>)</SPAN>to print just the file's permissions (field 1),last modification date (fields 6-8), and name (field 9,not including any name from a symbolic link).(You could pipe use more <EMCLASS="emphasis">awk</EM> formatting to makea fancier heading - and get rid of the <EMCLASS="emphasis">echo</EM> commands, too.)The output is redirected to a file named <EMCLASS="emphasis">printme</EM>;as already stated, a pipe to your printer program will also work.</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">$ <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>for f in file*</B></CODE>> <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>do</B></CODE>> <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>echo =====================================</B></CODE>> <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>ls -l $f | awk '{print $1, $6, $7, $8, $9}'</B></CODE>> <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>echo =====================================</B></CODE>> <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>cat $f</B></CODE>> <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>done > printme</B></CODE>$ <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>cat printme</B></CODE>=============================================-rw-r----- Oct 28 07:28 <CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>file1</I></CODE>=============================================<ICLASS="lineannotation">...contents of file1....</I>=============================================-r--r--r-- Nov 3 09:35 <CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>file2</I></CODE>=============================================<ICLASS="lineannotation">...contents of file2....</I>...</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P></LI></OL><PCLASS="para">If you use those last two tricks a lot, you might put them into an<SPANCLASS="link">alias, function, or shell script (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch10_01.htm#UPT-ART-4930"TITLE="Creating Custom Commands ">10.1</A>)</SPAN>.</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch43_09.htm"TITLE="43.9 Indenting Text for Printing "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 43.9 Indenting Text for Printing "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch43_11.htm"TITLE="43.11 Big Letters: banner "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 43.11 Big Letters: banner "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">43.9 Indenting Text for Printing </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">43.11 Big Letters: banner </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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