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<HTML><!--Distributed by F --><HEAD><TITLE>[Chapter 11] 11.4 My Favorite Is !:n* </TITLE><METANAME="DC.title"CONTENT="UNIX Power Tools"><METANAME="DC.creator"CONTENT="Jerry Peek, Tim O'Reilly & Mike Loukides"><METANAME="DC.publisher"CONTENT="O'Reilly & Associates, Inc."><METANAME="DC.date"CONTENT="1998-08-04T21:36:06Z"><METANAME="DC.type"CONTENT="Text.Monograph"><METANAME="DC.format"CONTENT="text/html"SCHEME="MIME"><METANAME="DC.source"CONTENT="1-56592-260-3"SCHEME="ISBN"><METANAME="DC.language"CONTENT="en-US"><METANAME="generator"CONTENT="Jade 1.1/O'Reilly DocBook 3.0 to HTML 4.0"><LINKREV="made"HREF="mailto:online-books@oreilly.com"TITLE="Online Books Comments"><LINKREL="up"HREF="ch11_01.htm"TITLE="11. The Lessons of History"><LINKREL="prev"HREF="ch11_03.htm"TITLE="11.3 My Favorite Is !$ "><LINKREL="next"HREF="ch11_05.htm"TITLE="11.5 My Favorite Is ^^ "></HEAD><BODYBGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"TEXT="#000000"><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><H1><IMGSRC="gifs/smbanner.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"USEMAP="#srchmap"BORDER="0"></H1><MAPNAME="srchmap"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,466,58"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="467,0,514,18"HREF="jobjects/fsearch.htm"ALT="Search this book"></MAP><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch11_03.htm"TITLE="11.3 My Favorite Is !$ "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 11.3 My Favorite Is !$ "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><B><FONTFACE="ARIEL,HELVETICA,HELV,SANSERIF"SIZE="-1">Chapter 11<BR>The Lessons of History</FONT></B></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch11_05.htm"TITLE="11.5 My Favorite Is ^^ "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 11.5 My Favorite Is ^^ "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR></TABLE> <HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"></DIV><DIVCLASS="SECT1"><H2CLASS="sect1"><ACLASS="title"NAME="UPT-ART-7891">11.4 My Favorite Is !:n* </A></H2><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-12460"></A>I use <SPANCLASS="link"><CODECLASS="literal">!$</CODE> (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch11_03.htm"TITLE="My Favorite Is !$ ">11.3</A>)</SPAN> a lot.But my favorite <EMCLASS="emphasis">bash</EM> (and <EMCLASS="emphasis">csh</EM>)history substitution is <CODECLASS="literal">!:</CODE><CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>n</I></CODE><CODECLASS="literal">*</CODE>,where <CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>n</I></CODE> is a number from 0 to 9.It means "take arguments <CODECLASS="replaceable"><I>n</I></CODE> through the lastargument on the previous command line."Since I tend to use more than one argument with UNIX commands, thislets me type the arguments (usually filenames) only once.For example, to use<SPANCLASS="link">RCS (<ACLASS="linkend"HREF="ch20_14.htm"TITLE="RCS Basics ">20.14</A>)</SPAN>and make an edit to article files named <EMCLASS="emphasis">1171</EM>, <EMCLASS="emphasis">6830</EM>,and <EMCLASS="emphasis">2340</EM> for this book, I did:</P><PCLASS="para"><BLOCKQUOTECLASS="screen"><PRECLASS="screen">% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>co -l 1171 6830 2340</B></CODE>RCS/1171,v -> 1171 ...RCS/2340,v -> 2340revision 1.8 (locked)done% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>vi !:2*</B></CODE>vi 1171 6830 23403 files to edit ...% <CODECLASS="userinput"><B>ci -m"Changed TERM xref." !*</B></CODE>ci -m"Changed TERM xref." 1171 6830 2340 ...</PRE></BLOCKQUOTE></P><PCLASS="para"> In the first command line (<CODECLASS="literal">co</CODE>), I typed the filenames as arguments 2,3, and 4.In the second command line (<CODECLASS="literal">vi</CODE>), I used <CODECLASS="literal">!:2*</CODE>;that grabbed arguments 2 through the last (in this case, argument 4) from the first command line.The result was a second command line that had those three filenames as itsarguments 1, 2, and 3.So, in the third command line (<CODECLASS="literal">ci</CODE>), I used <CODECLASS="literal">!*</CODE> topick arguments 1 through the last from the previous (second) command line.(<CODECLASS="literal">!*</CODE> is shorthand for <CODECLASS="literal">!:1*</CODE>.)</P><PCLASS="para"><ACLASS="indexterm"NAME="AUTOID-12492"></A>You can also grab arguments from previous command lines.For example, <CODECLASS="literal">!em:2*</CODE> grabs the second through last arguments onthe previous <EMCLASS="emphasis">emacs</EM> command line (command line starting with "em").There are lots more of these in article<ACLASS="xref"HREF="ch11_07.htm"TITLE="History Substitutions ">11.7</A>.</P><PCLASS="para">If those look complicated, they won't be for long.Just learn to count to the first argument you want to grab.It took me years to start using these substitutions - but they've saved me somuch typing that I'm sorry I didn't get started earlier!</P><DIVCLASS="sect1info"><PCLASS="SECT1INFO">- <SPANCLASS="authorinitials">JP</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV><DIVCLASS="htmlnav"><P></P><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><TABLEWIDTH="515"BORDER="0"CELLSPACING="0"CELLPADDING="0"><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch11_03.htm"TITLE="11.3 My Favorite Is !$ "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"SRC="gifs/txtpreva.gif"ALT="Previous: 11.3 My Favorite Is !$ "BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="book"HREF="index.htm"TITLE="UNIX Power Tools"><IMGSRC="gifs/txthome.gif"SRC="gifs/txthome.gif"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172"><ACLASS="SECT1"HREF="ch11_05.htm"TITLE="11.5 My Favorite Is ^^ "><IMGSRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"SRC="gifs/txtnexta.gif"ALT="Next: 11.5 My Favorite Is ^^ "BORDER="0"></A></TD></TR><TR><TDALIGN="LEFT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">11.3 My Favorite Is !$ </TD><TDALIGN="CENTER"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="171"><ACLASS="index"HREF="index/idx_0.htm"TITLE="Book Index"><IMGSRC="gifs/index.gif"SRC="gifs/index.gif"ALT="Book Index"BORDER="0"></A></TD><TDALIGN="RIGHT"VALIGN="TOP"WIDTH="172">11.5 My Favorite Is ^^ </TD></TR></TABLE><HRALIGN="LEFT"WIDTH="515"TITLE="footer"><IMGSRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"SRC="gifs/smnavbar.gif"USEMAP="#map"BORDER="0"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf Navigation"><MAPNAME="map"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="0,0,73,21"HREF="../index.htm"ALT="The UNIX CD Bookshelf"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="74,0,163,21"HREF="index.htm"ALT="UNIX Power Tools"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="164,0,257,21"HREF="../unixnut/index.htm"ALT="UNIX in a Nutshell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="258,0,321,21"HREF="../vi/index.htm"ALT="Learning the vi Editor"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="322,0,378,21"HREF="../sedawk/index.htm"ALT="sed & awk"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="379,0,438,21"HREF="../ksh/index.htm"ALT="Learning the Korn Shell"><AREASHAPE="RECT"COORDS="439,0,514,21"HREF="../lrnunix/index.htm"ALT="Learning the UNIX Operating System"></MAP></DIV></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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