📄 lcd.c
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/****************************************************************************
Title : HD44780U LCD library
Author: Peter Fleury <pfleury@gmx.ch> http://jump.to/fleury
File: $Id: lcd.c,v 1.13 2003/07/13 07:33:10 peter Exp $
Software: AVR-GCC 3.3
Target: any AVR device, memory mapped mode only for AT90S4414/8515/Mega
DESCRIPTION
Basic routines for interfacing a HD44780U-based text lcd display
Originally based on Volker Oth's lcd library,
changed lcd_init(), added additional constants for lcd_command(),
added 4-bit I/O mode, improved and optimized code.
Library can be operated in memory mapped mode (LCD_IO_MODE=0) or in
4-bit IO port mode (LCD_IO_MODE=1). 8-bit IO port mode not supported.
Memory mapped mode compatible with Kanda STK200, but supports also
generation of R/W signal through A8 address line.
USAGE
See the C include lcd.h file for a description of each function
*****************************************************************************/
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include "lcd.h"
/*
** constants/macros
*/
#define PIN(x) (*(&x - 2)) /* address of data direction register of port x */
#define DDR(x) (*(&x - 1)) /* address of input register of port x */
#if LCD_IO_MODE
#define lcd_e_delay() __asm__ __volatile__( "rjmp 1f\n 1:" );
#define lcd_e_high() LCD_E_PORT |= _BV(LCD_E_PIN);
#define lcd_e_low() LCD_E_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_E_PIN);
#define lcd_e_toggle() toggle_e()
#define lcd_rw_high() LCD_RW_PORT |= _BV(LCD_RW_PIN)
#define lcd_rw_low() LCD_RW_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_RW_PIN)
#define lcd_rs_high() LCD_RS_PORT |= _BV(LCD_RS_PIN)
#define lcd_rs_low() LCD_RS_PORT &= ~_BV(LCD_RS_PIN)
#endif
#if LCD_IO_MODE
#if LCD_LINES==1
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE
#else
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_2LINES
#endif
#else
#if LCD_LINES==1
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE
#else
#define LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_2LINES
#endif
#endif
/*
** function prototypes
*/
static void delay(uint16_t us);
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static void toggle_e(void);
#endif
/*
** local functions
*/
/*************************************************************************
delay for a minimum of <us> microseconds
with a 4Mhz crystal, the resolution is 1 us
*************************************************************************/
static void delay(uint16_t us)
{
while ( us ) us--;
}
#if LCD_IO_MODE
/* toggle Enable Pin to initiate write */
static void toggle_e(void)
{
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
lcd_e_low();
}
#endif
/*************************************************************************
Low-level function to write byte to LCD controller
Input: data byte to write to LCD
rs 1: write data
0: write instruction
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static void inline lcd_write(uint8_t data,uint8_t rs)
{
/* configure data pins as output */
DDR(LCD_DATA_PORT) = 0xFF;
if (rs) { /* write data (RS=1, RW=0) */
/* output high nibble first */
LCD_DATA_PORT = ((data>>4)&0x0F)|(1<<LCD_RS_PIN);
lcd_e_toggle();
/* output low nibble */
LCD_DATA_PORT = (data&0x0F)|(1<<LCD_RS_PIN);
lcd_e_toggle();
} else { /* write instruction (RS=0, RW=0) */
/* output high nibble first */
LCD_DATA_PORT = (data>>4)&0x0F;
lcd_e_toggle();
/* output low nibble */
LCD_DATA_PORT = data&0x0F;
lcd_e_toggle();
}
/* all data pins high (inactive) */
LCD_DATA_PORT = 0x0F;
}
#else
#define lcd_write(d,rs) if (rs) *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_DATA) = d; else *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_FUNCTION) = d;
/* rs==0 -> write instruction to LCD_IO_FUNCTION */
/* rs==1 -> write data to LCD_IO_DATA */
#endif
/*************************************************************************
Low-level function to read byte from LCD controller
Input: rs 1: read data
0: read busy flag / address counter
Returns: byte read from LCD controller
*************************************************************************/
#if LCD_IO_MODE
static uint8_t lcd_read(uint8_t rs)
{
register uint8_t dataH, dataL;
if (rs)
lcd_rs_high(); /* RS=1: read data */
else
lcd_rs_low(); /* RS=0: read busy flag */
lcd_rw_high(); /* RW=1 read mode */
/* configure data pins as input */
DDR(LCD_DATA_PORT) = 0xF0;
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
dataH = PIN(LCD_DATA_PORT); /* read high nibble first */
lcd_e_low();
lcd_e_delay(); /* Enable 500ns low */
lcd_e_high();
lcd_e_delay();
dataL = PIN(LCD_DATA_PORT); /* read low nibble */
lcd_e_low();
return ( (dataH<<4) | (dataL&0x0F) );
}
#else
#define lcd_read(rs) (rs) ? *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_DATA+LCD_IO_READ) : *(volatile uint8_t*)(LCD_IO_FUNCTION+LCD_IO_READ)
/* rs==0 -> read instruction from LCD_IO_FUNCTION */
/* rs==1 -> read data from LCD_IO_DATA */
#endif
/*************************************************************************
loops while lcd is busy, returns address counter
*************************************************************************/
static uint8_t lcd_waitbusy(void)
{
register uint8_t c;
/* wait until busy flag is cleared */
while ( (c=lcd_read(0)) & (1<<LCD_BUSY)) {}
/* the address counter is updated 4us after the busy flag is cleared */
delay(2);
/* now read the address counter */
return (lcd_read(0)); // return address counter
}/* lcd_waitbusy */
/*************************************************************************
Move cursor to the start of next line or to the first line if the cursor
is already on the last line.
*************************************************************************/
static inline void lcd_newline(uint8_t pos)
{
register uint8_t addressCounter;
#if LCD_LINES==1
addressCounter = 0;
#endif
#if LCD_LINES==2
if ( pos < (LCD_START_LINE2) )
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
#endif
#if LCD_LINES==4
if ( pos < LCD_START_LINE3 )
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE2;
else if ( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE2) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE4) )
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE3;
else if ( (pos >= LCD_START_LINE3) && (pos < LCD_START_LINE2) )
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE4;
else
addressCounter = LCD_START_LINE1;
#endif
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+addressCounter);
}/* lcd_newline */
/*
** PUBLIC FUNCTIONS
*/
/*************************************************************************
Send LCD controller instruction command
Input: instruction to send to LCD controller, see HD44780 data sheet
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_command(uint8_t cmd)
{
lcd_waitbusy();
lcd_write(cmd,0);
}
/*************************************************************************
Set cursor to specified position
Input: x horizontal position (0: left most position)
y vertical position (0: first line)
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_gotoxy(uint8_t x, uint8_t y)
{
#if LCD_LINES==1
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE1+x);
#endif
#if LCD_LINES==2
if ( y==0 )
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE1+x);
else
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE2+x);
#endif
#if LCD_LINES==4
if ( y==0 )
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE1+x);
else if ( y==1)
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE2+x);
else if ( y==2)
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE3+x);
else /* y==3 */
lcd_command((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE4+x);
#endif
}/* lcd_gotoxy */
/*************************************************************************
*************************************************************************/
int lcd_getxy(void)
{
return lcd_waitbusy();
}
/*************************************************************************
Clear display and set cursor to home position
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_clrscr(void)
{
lcd_command(1<<LCD_CLR);
}
/*************************************************************************
Set cursor to home position
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_home(void)
{
lcd_command(1<<LCD_HOME);
}
/*************************************************************************
Display character at current cursor position
Input: character to be displayed
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_putc(char c)
{
uint8_t pos;
pos = lcd_waitbusy(); // read busy-flag and address counter
if (c=='\n')
{
lcd_newline(pos);
}
else
{
#if LCD_WRAP_LINES==1
#if LCD_LINES==1
if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE1+LCD_DISP_LENGTH )
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE1,0);
#elif LCD_LINES==2
if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE1+LCD_DISP_LENGTH )
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE2,0);
else if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE2+LCD_DISP_LENGTH )
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE1,0);
#elif LCD_LINES==4
if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE1+LCD_DISP_LENGTH )
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE2,0);
else if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE2+LCD_DISP_LENGTH )
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE3,0);
else if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE3+LCD_DISP_LENGTH )
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE4,0);
else if ( pos == LCD_START_LINE4+LCD_DISP_LENGTH )
lcd_write((1<<LCD_DDRAM)+LCD_START_LINE1,0);
#endif
lcd_waitbusy();
#endif
lcd_write(c, 1);
}
}/* lcd_putc */
/*************************************************************************
Display string without auto linefeed
Input: string to be displayed
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_puts(const char *s)
/* print string on lcd (no auto linefeed) */
{
register char c;
while ( (c = *s++) ) {
lcd_putc(c);
}
}/* lcd_puts */
/*************************************************************************
Display string from program memory without auto linefeed
Input: string from program memory be be displayed
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_puts_p(const char *progmem_s)
/* print string from program memory on lcd (no auto linefeed) */
{
register char c;
while ( (c = PRG_RDB(progmem_s++)) ) {
lcd_putc(c);
}
}/* lcd_puts_p */
/*************************************************************************
Initialize display and select type of cursor
Input: dispAttr LCD_DISP_OFF display off
LCD_DISP_ON display on, cursor off
LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR display on, cursor on
LCD_DISP_CURSOR_BLINK display on, cursor on flashing
Returns: none
*************************************************************************/
void lcd_init(uint8_t dispAttr)
{
#if LCD_IO_MODE
/*
* Initialize LCD to 4 bit I/O mode
*/
DDR(LCD_DATA_PORT) = 0xFF; /* all port bits as output */
delay(16000); /* wait 16ms or more after power-on */
/* initial write to lcd is 8bit */
LCD_DATA_PORT= LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE>>4;
lcd_e_toggle();
delay(4992); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here */
LCD_DATA_PORT = LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE>>4;
lcd_e_toggle();
delay(64); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here */
LCD_DATA_PORT = LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE>>4;
lcd_e_toggle();
delay(64); /* delay, busy flag can't be checked here */
LCD_DATA_PORT = LCD_FUNCTION_4BIT_1LINE>>4; /* set IO mode to 4bit */
lcd_e_toggle();
delay(64); /* some displays need this additional delay */
/* from now the LCD only accepts 4 bit I/O, we can use lcd_command() */
#else
/*
* Initialize LCD to 8 bit memory mapped mode
*/
/* enable external SRAM (memory mapped lcd) and one wait state */
MCUCR = _BV(SRE) | _BV(SRW);
/* reset LCD */
delay(16000); /* wait 16ms after power-on */
lcd_write(LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE,0); /* function set: 8bit interface */
delay(4992); /* wait 5ms */
lcd_write(LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE,0); /* function set: 8bit interface */
delay(64); /* wait 64us */
lcd_write(LCD_FUNCTION_8BIT_1LINE,0); /* function set: 8bit interface */
delay(64); /* wait 64us */
#endif
lcd_command(LCD_FUNCTION_DEFAULT); /* function set: display lines */
lcd_command(LCD_DISP_OFF); /* display off */
lcd_clrscr(); /* display clear */
lcd_command(LCD_MODE_DEFAULT); /* set entry mode */
lcd_command(dispAttr); /* display/cursor control */
}/* lcd_init */
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