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<DIV class=tit>什么是回调函数</DIV>
<DIV class=date>2006-09-20 20:11</DIV>
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      <P><BR>其实,回调函数大多只是自己定义一个名字而已,函数体大多是系统定义好的,它有一个结构,一般一个代回调函数的的函数都有一个参数是接你的回调名的,它把一些值传进回调函数(函数体包括参数是它预定好的,不能自己写,除非全部函数都是你写的),然后回调函数接受值,相应操作后将值返回到原函数体(它的父亲函数),最终让原函数返回一个值</P>
      <P><FONT face=宋体>我们经常在</FONT><SPAN lang=EN-US>C++</SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">设计时通过使用回调函数可以使有些应用(如定时器事件回调处理、用回调函数记录某操作进度等)变得非常方便和符合逻辑,那么它的内在机制如何呢,怎么定义呢</SPAN><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US>?</SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">它和其它函数(比如钩子函数)有何不同呢?这里结合自己的使用经历做一个简单的介绍。</SPAN> 
      </P>
      <P class=MsoNormal 
      style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><FONT 
      size=3><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">使用回调函数实际上就是在调用某个函数(通常是</SPAN><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US>API</SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">函数)时,将自己的一个函数(这个函数为回调函数)的地址作为参数传递给那个函数。而那个函数在需要的时候,利用传递的地址调用回调函数,这时你可以利用这个机会在回调函数中处理消息或完成一定的操作。至于如何定义回调函数,跟具体使用的</SPAN><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US>API</SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">函数有关,一般在帮助中有说明回调函数的参数和返回值等。</SPAN><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US>C++</SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">中一般要求在回调函数前加</SPAN><STRONG><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US>CALLBACK</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">(相当于</SPAN><STRONG><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US>FAR PASCAL</SPAN></STRONG><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">),这主要是说明该函数的调用方式。</SPAN></FONT> 
      </P>
      <P class=MsoNormal 
      style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><FONT 
      size=3><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">至于钩子函数,只是回调函数的一个特例。习惯上把与</SPAN><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US>SetWindowsHookEx</SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">函数一起使用的回调函数称为钩子函数。也有人把利用</SPAN><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US>VirtualQueryEx</SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">安装的函数称为钩子函数,不过这种叫法不太流行。</SPAN></FONT> 
      </P>
      <P class=MsoNormal 
      style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-"><FONT 
      size=3>也可以这样,更容易理解:回调函数就好像是一个中断处理函数,系统在符合你设定的条件时自动调用。为此,你需要做三件事:</FONT></SPAN> 
      </P>
      <P class=MsoNormal 
      style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>1.</FONT><SPAN 
      style="FONT: 7pt -Times New Roman-">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-"><FONT 
      size=3>声明;</FONT></SPAN> </P>
      <P class=MsoNormal 
      style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>2.</FONT><SPAN 
      style="FONT: 7pt -Times New Roman-">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-"><FONT 
      size=3>定义;</FONT></SPAN> </P>
      <P class=MsoNormal 
      style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 39.0pt"><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US><FONT size=3>3.</FONT><SPAN 
      style="FONT: 7pt -Times New Roman-">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      </SPAN></SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-"><FONT 
      size=3>设置触发条件,就是在你的函数中把你的回调函数名称转化为地址作为一个参数,以便于系统调用。</FONT></SPAN> </P>
      <P class=MsoNormal 
      style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 10.5pt"><FONT 
      size=3><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">声明和定义时应注意:回调函数由系统调用,所以可以认为它属于</SPAN><SPAN 
      lang=EN-US>WINDOWS</SPAN><SPAN 
      style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: -Times New Roman-; mso-hansi-font-family: -Times New Roman-">系统,不要把它当作你的某个类的成员函数</SPAN></FONT></P>
      <P><STRONG><FONT 
      style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff66">回调函数</FONT></STRONG>是一个程序员不能显式调用的函数;通过将<STRONG 
      style="COLOR: black; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff66">回调函数</STRONG>的地址传给调用者从而实现调用。<STRONG 
      style="COLOR: black; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff66">回调函数</STRONG>使用是必要的,在我们想通过一个统一接口实现不同的内容,这时用回掉函数非常合适。比如,我们为几个不同的设备分别写了不同的显示函数:void 
      TVshow(); void ComputerShow(); void 
      NoteBookShow()...等等。这是我们想用一个统一的显示函数,我们这时就可以用回掉函数了。void show(void 
      (*ptr)()); 使用时根据所传入的参数不同而调用不同的<STRONG 
      style="COLOR: black; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff66">回调函数</STRONG>。</P>
      <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 不同的编程语言可能有不同的语法,下面举一个c语言中<STRONG 
      style="COLOR: black; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff66">回调函数</STRONG>的例子,其中一个<STRONG 
      style="COLOR: black; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff66">回调函数</STRONG>不带参数,另一个<STRONG 
      style="COLOR: black; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff66">回调函数</STRONG>带参数。</P>
      <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 例子1:</P>
      <P>//Test.c</P>
      <P>#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;<BR>#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</P>
      <P>int Test1()<BR>{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int i;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; for (i=0; 
      i&lt;30; i++)<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; {<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("The %d 
      th charactor is: %c\n", i, (char)('a' + i%26));<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      }<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; return 0;<BR>}<BR>int Test2(int 
      num)<BR>{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; int i;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; for (i=0; i&lt;num; 
      i++)<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; {<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("The %d th charactor 
      is: %c\n", i, (char)('a' + i%26));<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      }<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; return 0;<BR>}</P>
      <P>void Caller1(void (*ptr)())//指向函数的指针作函数参数<BR>{<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      (*ptr)();<BR>}<BR>void Caller2(int n, int 
      (*ptr)())//指向函数的指针作函数参数,这里第一个参数是为指向函数的指针服务的,</P>
      <P>{&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;//不能写成void 
      Caller2(int (*ptr)(int n)),这样的定义语法错误。<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      (*ptr)(n);<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; return;<BR>}<BR>int main()<BR>{</P>
      <P>&nbsp;&nbsp; printf("************************\n");<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      Caller1(Test1);&nbsp;//相当于调用Test2();<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      printf("&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;&amp;************************\n");<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; 
      Caller2(30, Test2);&nbsp;//相当于调用Test2(30);<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; return 
      0;<BR>}</P>
      <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 以上通过将<STRONG 
      style="COLOR: black; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff66">回调函数</STRONG>的地址传给调用者从而实现调用,但是需要注意的是带参<STRONG 
      style="COLOR: black; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffff66">回调函数</STRONG>的用法。要实现回调,必须首先定义函数指针。函数指针的定义这里稍微提一下。比如:</P>
      <P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; int (*ptr)(); 
      这里ptr是一个函数指针,其中(*ptr)的括号不能省略,因为括号的优先级高于星号,那样就成了一个返回类型为整型的函数声明了。</P></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>
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