history.0

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HISTORY(3)                                             HISTORY(3)


NNAAMMEE
       history - GNU History Library

CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT
       The  GNU History Library is Copyright (C) 1989-2002 by the
       Free Software Foundation, Inc.

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       Many programs read input from the user a line at  a  time.
       The  GNU  History  library  is able to keep track of those
       lines, associate arbitrary data with each line,  and  uti-
       lize  information  from  previous  lines  in composing new
       ones.


HHIISSTTOORRYY EEXXPPAANNSSIIOONN
       The history library supports a history  expansion  feature
       that  is identical to the history expansion in bbaasshh..  This
       section describes what syntax features are available.

       History expansions introduce words from the  history  list
       into  the input stream, making it easy to repeat commands,
       insert the arguments to a previous command into  the  cur-
       rent  input  line,  or  fix  errors  in  previous commands
       quickly.

       History expansion is usually performed immediately after a
       complete  line is read.  It takes place in two parts.  The
       first is to determine which line from the history list  to
       use during substitution.  The second is to select portions
       of that line for inclusion into the current one.  The line
       selected  from  the history is the _e_v_e_n_t, and the portions
       of that line that are acted upon are _w_o_r_d_s.  Various _m_o_d_i_-
       _f_i_e_r_s are available to manipulate the selected words.  The
       line is broken into words in the same fashion as bbaasshh does
       when  reading input, so that several words that would oth-
       erwise be separated are  considered  one  word  when  sur-
       rounded  by  quotes  (see  the description of hhiissttoorryy__ttookk--
       eenniizzee(()) below).  History expansions are introduced by  the
       appearance  of the history expansion character, which is !!
       by default.  Only backslash  (\\)  and  single  quotes  can
       quote the history expansion character.

   EEvveenntt DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss
       An event designator is a reference to a command line entry
       in the history list.

       !!      Start a history substitution, except when  followed
              by a bbllaannkk, newline, = or (.
       !!_n     Refer to command line _n.
       !!--_n    Refer to the current command line minus _n.
       !!!!     Refer  to  the previous command.  This is a synonym
              for `!-1'.




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HISTORY(3)                                             HISTORY(3)


       !!_s_t_r_i_n_g
              Refer to the  most  recent  command  starting  with
              _s_t_r_i_n_g.
       !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]]
              Refer to the most recent command containing _s_t_r_i_n_g.
              The trailing ?? may be omitted if _s_t_r_i_n_g is followed
              immediately by a newline.
       ^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_1^^_s_t_r_i_n_g_2^^
              Quick   substitution.   Repeat  the  last  command,
              replacing  _s_t_r_i_n_g_1  with  _s_t_r_i_n_g_2.   Equivalent  to
              ``!!:s/_s_t_r_i_n_g_1/_s_t_r_i_n_g_2/'' (see MMooddiiffiieerrss below).
       !!##     The entire command line typed so far.

   WWoorrdd DDeessiiggnnaattoorrss
       Word designators are used to select desired words from the
       event.  A :: separates the  event  specification  from  the
       word designator.  It may be omitted if the word designator
       begins with a ^^, $$, **, --, or %%.  Words are  numbered  from
       the  beginning  of  the  line,  with  the first word being
       denoted by 0 (zero).  Words are inserted into the  current
       line separated by single spaces.

       00 ((zzeerroo))
              The  zeroth  word.  For the shell, this is the com-
              mand word.
       _n      The _nth word.
       ^^      The first argument.  That is, word 1.
       $$      The last argument.
       %%      The word matched  by  the  most  recent  `?_s_t_r_i_n_g?'
              search.
       _x--_y    A range of words; `-_y' abbreviates `0-_y'.
       **      All of the words but the zeroth.  This is a synonym
              for `_1_-_$'.  It is not an error to use ** if there is
              just  one  word  in  the event; the empty string is
              returned in that case.
       xx**     Abbreviates _x_-_$.
       xx--     Abbreviates _x_-_$ like xx**, but omits the last word.

       If a word designator is supplied without an event specifi-
       cation, the previous command is used as the event.

   MMooddiiffiieerrss
       After  the  optional  word  designator, there may appear a
       sequence of one or more of the following  modifiers,  each
       preceded by a `:'.

       hh      Remove a trailing file name component, leaving only
              the head.
       tt      Remove all leading file  name  components,  leaving
              the tail.
       rr      Remove  a trailing suffix of the form _._x_x_x, leaving
              the basename.
       ee      Remove all but the trailing suffix.
       pp      Print the new command but do not execute it.



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HISTORY(3)                                             HISTORY(3)


       qq      Quote the substituted words, escaping further  sub-
              stitutions.
       xx      Quote  the  substituted  words as with qq, but break
              into words at bbllaannkkss and newlines.
       ss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//
              Substitute _n_e_w for the first occurrence of  _o_l_d  in
              the event line.  Any delimiter can be used in place
              of /.  The final delimiter is optional if it is the
              last  character  of  the event line.  The delimiter
              may be quoted in _o_l_d and _n_e_w with  a  single  back-
              slash.  If & appears in _n_e_w, it is replaced by _o_l_d.
              A single backslash will quote the  &.   If  _o_l_d  is
              null, it is set to the last _o_l_d substituted, or, if
              no previous history substitutions took  place,  the
              last _s_t_r_i_n_g in a !!??_s_t_r_i_n_g[[??]]  search.
       &&      Repeat the previous substitution.
       gg      Cause  changes  to be applied over the entire event
              line.  This is used in conjunction with `::ss' (e.g.,
              `::ggss//_o_l_d//_n_e_w//')  or  `::&&'.   If used with `::ss', any
              delimiter can be used in place of /, and the  final
              delimiter  is  optional if it is the last character
              of the event line.

PPRROOGGRRAAMMMMIINNGG WWIITTHH HHIISSTTOORRYY FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS
       This section describes how to use the History  library  in
       other programs.

   IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn ttoo HHiissttoorryy
       The  programmer  using  the  History library has available
       functions for remembering lines on a history list, associ-
       ating  arbitrary data with a line, removing lines from the
       list, searching through the list for a line containing  an
       arbitrary  text  string,  and  referencing any line in the
       list directly.  In addition, a history _e_x_p_a_n_s_i_o_n  function
       is  available  which provides for a consistent user inter-
       face across different programs.

       The user using programs written with the  History  library
       has  the benefit of a consistent user interface with a set
       of well-known commands for manipulating the text of previ-
       ous  lines and using that text in new commands.  The basic
       history manipulation commands are identical to the history
       substitution provided by bbaasshh.

       If  the  programmer  desires,  he  can  use  the  Readline
       library,  which  includes  some  history  manipulation  by
       default, and has the added advantage of command line edit-
       ing.

       Before declaring any functions using any functionality the
       History  library  provides  in  other code, an application
       writer should include the file _<_r_e_a_d_l_i_n_e_/_h_i_s_t_o_r_y_._h_> in any
       file  that  uses  the History library's features.  It sup-
       plies extern declarations for all of the library's  public



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HISTORY(3)                                             HISTORY(3)


       functions  and  variables,  and declares all of the public
       data structures.


   HHiissttoorryy SSttoorraaggee
       The history list is an array of history entries.   A  his-
       tory entry is declared as follows:

       _t_y_p_e_d_e_f _v_o_i_d _* hhiissttddaattaa__tt;;

       typedef struct _hist_entry {
         char *line;
         histdata_t data;
       } HIST_ENTRY;

       The history list itself might therefore be declared as

       _H_I_S_T___E_N_T_R_Y _*_* tthhee__hhiissttoorryy__lliisstt;;

       The  state  of  the History library is encapsulated into a
       single structure:

       /*
        * A structure used to pass around the current state of the history.
        */
       typedef struct _hist_state {
         HIST_ENTRY **entries; /* Pointer to the entries themselves. */
         int offset;           /* The location pointer within this array. */
         int length;           /* Number of elements within this array. */
         int size;             /* Number of slots allocated to this array. */
         int flags;
       } HISTORY_STATE;

       If the flags member includes HHSS__SSTTIIFFLLEEDD, the  history  has
       been stifled.

HHiissttoorryy FFuunnccttiioonnss
       This  section describes the calling sequence for the vari-
       ous functions exported by the GNU History library.

   IInniittiiaalliizziinngg HHiissttoorryy aanndd SSttaattee MMaannaaggeemmeenntt
       This section describes functions used  to  initialize  and
       manage  the  state of the History library when you want to
       use the history functions in your program.

       _v_o_i_d uussiinngg__hhiissttoorryy (_v_o_i_d)
       Begin a session in which the history  functions  might  be
       used.  This initializes the interactive variables.

       _H_I_S_T_O_R_Y___S_T_A_T_E _* hhiissttoorryy__ggeett__hhiissttoorryy__ssttaattee (_v_o_i_d)
       Return  a  structure  describing  the current state of the
       input history.

       _v_o_i_d hhiissttoorryy__sseett__hhiissttoorryy__ssttaattee (_H_I_S_T_O_R_Y___S_T_A_T_E _*_s_t_a_t_e)



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HISTORY(3)                                             HISTORY(3)


       Set the state of the history list according to _s_t_a_t_e.


   HHiissttoorryy LLiisstt MMaannaaggeemmeenntt
       These functions manage individual entries on  the  history
       list, or set parameters managing the list itself.

       _v_o_i_d aadddd__hhiissttoorryy (_c_o_n_s_t _c_h_a_r _*_s_t_r_i_n_g)
       Place  _s_t_r_i_n_g at the end of the history list.  The associ-
       ated data field (if any) is set to NNUULLLL.

       _H_I_S_T___E_N_T_R_Y _* rreemmoovvee__hhiissttoorryy (_i_n_t _w_h_i_c_h)
       Remove history entry at offset  _w_h_i_c_h  from  the  history.
       The  removed element is returned so you can free the line,
       data, and containing structure.

       _H_I_S_T___E_N_T_R_Y _* rreeppllaaccee__hhiissttoorryy__eennttrryy (_i_n_t _w_h_i_c_h_, _c_o_n_s_t  _c_h_a_r
       _*_l_i_n_e_, _h_i_s_t_d_a_t_a___t _d_a_t_a)
       Make the history entry at offset _w_h_i_c_h have _l_i_n_e and _d_a_t_a.
       This returns the old entry so you can dispose of the data.
       In  the  case  of  an  invalid  _w_h_i_c_h,  a  NNUULLLL pointer is
       returned.

       _v_o_i_d cclleeaarr__hhiissttoorryy (_v_o_i_d)
       Clear the history list by deleting all the entries.

       _v_o_i_d ssttiiffllee__hhiissttoorryy (_i_n_t _m_a_x)
       Stifle the history list, remembering  only  the  last  _m_a_x
       entries.

       _i_n_t uunnssttiiffllee__hhiissttoorryy (_v_o_i_d)
       Stop  stifling  the history.  This returns the previously-
       set maximum number of history  entries  (as  set  by  ssttii--
       ffllee__hhiissttoorryy(())).   history was stifled.  The value is posi-
       tive if the history was stifled, negative if it wasn't.

       _i_n_t hhiissttoorryy__iiss__ssttiifflleedd (_v_o_i_d)
       Returns non-zero if the history is stifled, zero if it  is
       not.


   IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn AAbboouutt tthhee HHiissttoorryy LLiisstt
       These  functions  return information about the entire his-
       tory list or individual list entries.

       _H_I_S_T___E_N_T_R_Y _*_* hhiissttoorryy__lliisstt (_v_o_i_d)
       Return a NNUULLLL terminated array of _H_I_S_T___E_N_T_R_Y  _*  which  is
       the  current input history.  Element 0 of this list is the
       beginning of time.  If there is no history, return NNUULLLL.

       _i_n_t wwhheerree__hhiissttoorryy (_v_o_i_d)
       Returns the offset of the current history element.

       _H_I_S_T___E_N_T_R_Y _* ccuurrrreenntt__hhiissttoorryy (_v_o_i_d)



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