📄 posix线程编程指南(5).htm
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pthread_once_t once=PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
void once_run(void)
{
printf("once_run in thread %d\n",pthread_self());
}
void * child1(void *arg)
{
int tid=pthread_self();
printf("thread %d enter\n",tid);
pthread_once(&once,once_run);
printf("thread %d returns\n",tid);
}
void * child2(void *arg)
{
int tid=pthread_self();
printf("thread %d enter\n",tid);
pthread_once(&once,once_run);
printf("thread %d returns\n",tid);
}
int main(void)
{
int tid1,tid2;
printf("hello\n");
pthread_create(&tid1,NULL,child1,NULL);
pthread_create(&tid2,NULL,child2,NULL);
sleep(10);
printf("main thread exit\n");
return 0;
}</CODE></PRE></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR>
<P>once_run()函数仅执行一次,且究竟在哪个线程中执行是不定的,尽管pthread_once(&once,once_run)出现在两个线程中。</P>
<P>LinuxThreads使用互斥锁和条件变量保证由pthread_once()指定的函数执行且仅执行一次,而once_control则表征是否执行过。如果once_control的初值不是PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT(LinuxThreads定义为0),pthread_once()的行为就会不正常。在LinuxThreads中,实际"一次性函数"的执行状态有三种:NEVER(0)、IN_PROGRESS(1)、DONE(2),如果once初值设为1,则由于所有pthread_once()都必须等待其中一个激发"已执行一次"信号,因此所有pthread_once()都会陷入永久的等待中;如果设为2,则表示该函数已执行过一次,从而所有pthread_once()都会立即返回0。</P><BR>
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<P><A name=4><SPAN
class=atitle>pthread_kill_other_threads_np()</SPAN></A></P>
<P>
<P>void pthread_kill_other_threads_np(void)</P>
<P>这个函数是LinuxThreads针对本身无法实现的POSIX约定而做的扩展。POSIX要求当进程的某一个线程执行exec*系统调用在进程空间中加载另一个程序时,当前进程的所有线程都应终止。由于LinuxThreads的局限性,该机制无法在exec中实现,因此要求线程执行exec前手工终止其他所有线程。pthread_kill_other_threads_np()的作用就是这个。</P>
<P>需要注意的是,pthread_kill_other_threads_np()并没有通过pthread_cancel()来终止线程,而是直接向管理线程发"进程退出"信号,使所有其他线程都结束运行,而不经过Cancel动作,当然也不会执行退出回调函数。尽管LinuxThreads的实验结果与文档说明相同,但代码实现中却是用的__pthread_sig_cancel信号来kill线程,应该效果与执行pthread_cancel()是一样的,其中原因目前还不清楚。</P><BR>
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<P><B>杨沙洲,</B>男,现攻读国防科大计算机学院计算机软件方向博士学位。您可以通过电子邮件 <A
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