jdbcoperations.java

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/*
 * Copyright 2002-2007 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.jdbc.core;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.KeyHolder;
import org.springframework.jdbc.support.rowset.SqlRowSet;

/**
 * Interface specifying a basic set of JDBC operations.
 * Implemented by {@link JdbcTemplate}. Not often used directly, but a useful
 * option to enhance testability, as it can easily be mocked or stubbed.
 *
 * <p>Alternatively, the standard JDBC infrastructure can be mocked.
 * However, mocking this interface constitutes significantly less work.
 * As an alternative to a mock objects approach to testing data access code,
 * consider the powerful integration testing support provided in the
 * <code>org.springframework.test</code> package, shipped in
 * <code>spring-mock.jar</code>.
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @see JdbcTemplate
 */
public interface JdbcOperations {

	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Methods dealing with a plain java.sql.Connection
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Execute a JDBC data access operation, implemented as callback action
	 * working on a JDBC Connection. This allows for implementing arbitrary
	 * data access operations, within Spring's managed JDBC environment:
	 * that is, participating in Spring-managed transactions and converting
	 * JDBC SQLExceptions into Spring's DataAccessException hierarchy.
	 * <p>The callback action can return a result object, for example a
	 * domain object or a collection of domain objects.
	 * @param action the callback object that specifies the action
	 * @return a result object returned by the action, or <code>null</code>
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem
	 */
	Object execute(ConnectionCallback action) throws DataAccessException;


	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Methods dealing with static SQL (java.sql.Statement)
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Execute a JDBC data access operation, implemented as callback action
	 * working on a JDBC Statement. This allows for implementing arbitrary data
	 * access operations on a single Statement, within Spring's managed JDBC
	 * environment: that is, participating in Spring-managed transactions and
	 * converting JDBC SQLExceptions into Spring's DataAccessException hierarchy.
	 * <p>The callback action can return a result object, for example a
	 * domain object or a collection of domain objects.
	 * @param action callback object that specifies the action
	 * @return a result object returned by the action, or <code>null</code>
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem
	 */
	Object execute(StatementCallback action) throws DataAccessException;

	/**
	 * Issue a single SQL execute, typically a DDL statement.
	 * @param sql static SQL to execute
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem
	 */
	void execute(String sql) throws DataAccessException;

	/**
	 * Execute a query given static SQL, reading the ResultSet with a
	 * ResultSetExtractor.
	 * <p>Uses a JDBC Statement, not a PreparedStatement. If you want to
	 * execute a static query with a PreparedStatement, use the overloaded
	 * <code>query</code> method with <code>null</code> as argument array.
	 * @param sql SQL query to execute
	 * @param rse object that will extract all rows of results
	 * @return an arbitrary result object, as returned by the ResultSetExtractor
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem executing the query
	 * @see #query(String, Object[], ResultSetExtractor)
	 */
	Object query(String sql, ResultSetExtractor rse) throws DataAccessException;

	/**
	 * Execute a query given static SQL, reading the ResultSet on a per-row
	 * basis with a RowCallbackHandler.
	 * <p>Uses a JDBC Statement, not a PreparedStatement. If you want to
	 * execute a static query with a PreparedStatement, use the overloaded
	 * <code>query</code> method with <code>null</code> as argument array.
	 * @param sql SQL query to execute
	 * @param rch object that will extract results, one row at a time
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem executing the query
	 * @see #query(String, Object[], RowCallbackHandler)
	 */
	void query(String sql, RowCallbackHandler rch) throws DataAccessException;

	/**
	 * Execute a query given static SQL, mapping each row to a Java object
	 * via a RowMapper.
	 * <p>Uses a JDBC Statement, not a PreparedStatement. If you want to
	 * execute a static query with a PreparedStatement, use the overloaded
	 * <code>query</code> method with <code>null</code> as argument array.
	 * @param sql SQL query to execute
	 * @param rowMapper object that will map one object per row
	 * @return the result List, containing mapped objects
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem executing the query
	 * @see #query(String, Object[], RowMapper)
	 */
	List query(String sql, RowMapper rowMapper) throws DataAccessException;

	/**
	 * Execute a query given static SQL, mapping a single result row to a Java
	 * object via a RowMapper.
	 * <p>Uses a JDBC Statement, not a PreparedStatement. If you want to
	 * execute a static query with a PreparedStatement, use the overloaded
	 * <code>queryForObject</code> method with <code>null</code> as argument array.
	 * @param sql SQL query to execute
	 * @param rowMapper object that will map one object per row
	 * @return the single mapped object
	 * @throws IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException if the query does not
	 * return exactly one row
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem executing the query
	 * @see #queryForObject(String, Object[], RowMapper)
	 */
	Object queryForObject(String sql, RowMapper rowMapper) throws DataAccessException;

	/**
	 * Execute a query for a result object, given static SQL.
	 * <p>Uses a JDBC Statement, not a PreparedStatement. If you want to
	 * execute a static query with a PreparedStatement, use the overloaded
	 * <code>queryForObject</code> method with <code>null</code> as argument array.
	 * <p>This method is useful for running static SQL with a known outcome.
	 * The query is expected to be a single row/single column query; the returned
	 * result will be directly mapped to the corresponding object type.
	 * @param sql SQL query to execute
	 * @param requiredType the type that the result object is expected to match
	 * @return the result object of the required type, or <code>null</code> in case of SQL NULL
	 * @throws IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException if the query does not return
	 * exactly one row, or does not return exactly one column in that row
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem executing the query
	 * @see #queryForObject(String, Object[], Class)
	 */
	Object queryForObject(String sql, Class requiredType) throws DataAccessException;

	/**
	 * Execute a query for a result Map, given static SQL.
	 * <p>Uses a JDBC Statement, not a PreparedStatement. If you want to
	 * execute a static query with a PreparedStatement, use the overloaded
	 * <code>queryForMap</code> method with <code>null</code> as argument array.
	 * <p>The query is expected to be a single row query; the result row will be
	 * mapped to a Map (one entry for each column, using the column name as the key).
	 * @param sql SQL query to execute
	 * @return the result Map (one entry for each column, using the
	 * column name as the key)
	 * @throws IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException if the query does not
	 * return exactly one row
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem executing the query
	 * @see #queryForMap(String, Object[])
	 * @see ColumnMapRowMapper
	 */
	Map queryForMap(String sql) throws DataAccessException;

	/**
	 * Execute a query that results in a long value, given static SQL.
	 * <p>Uses a JDBC Statement, not a PreparedStatement. If you want to
	 * execute a static query with a PreparedStatement, use the overloaded
	 * <code>queryForLong</code> method with <code>null</code> as argument array.
	 * <p>This method is useful for running static SQL with a known outcome.
	 * The query is expected to be a single row/single column query that results
	 * in a long value.
	 * @param sql SQL query to execute
	 * @return the long value, or 0 in case of SQL NULL
	 * @throws IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException if the query does not return
	 * exactly one row, or does not return exactly one column in that row
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem executing the query
	 * @see #queryForLong(String, Object[])
	 */
	long queryForLong(String sql) throws DataAccessException;

	/**
	 * Execute a query that results in an int value, given static SQL.
	 * <p>Uses a JDBC Statement, not a PreparedStatement. If you want to
	 * execute a static query with a PreparedStatement, use the overloaded
	 * <code>queryForInt</code> method with <code>null</code> as argument array.
	 * <p>This method is useful for running static SQL with a known outcome.
	 * The query is expected to be a single row/single column query that results
	 * in an int value.
	 * @param sql SQL query to execute
	 * @return the int value, or 0 in case of SQL NULL
	 * @throws IncorrectResultSizeDataAccessException if the query does not return
	 * exactly one row, or does not return exactly one column in that row
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem executing the query
	 * @see #queryForInt(String, Object[])
	 */
	int queryForInt(String sql) throws DataAccessException;

	/**
	 * Execute a query for a result list, given static SQL.
	 * <p>Uses a JDBC Statement, not a PreparedStatement. If you want to
	 * execute a static query with a PreparedStatement, use the overloaded
	 * <code>queryForList</code> method with <code>null</code> as argument array.
	 * <p>The results will be mapped to a List (one entry for each row) of
	 * result objects, each of them matching the specified element type.
	 * @param sql SQL query to execute
	 * @param elementType the required type of element in the result list
	 * (for example, <code>Integer.class</code>)
	 * @return a List of objects that match the specified element type
	 * @throws DataAccessException if there is any problem executing the query
	 * @see #queryForList(String, Object[], Class)
	 * @see SingleColumnRowMapper
	 */
	List queryForList(String sql, Class elementType) throws DataAccessException;

	/**
	 * Execute a query for a result list, given static SQL.