p5.txt

ti－idf算法

tether vt. 1.拴 2.限制,约束
[联想词]	yoke n. 1.牛轭 2.束缚,枷锁 vt.结合,连结
intricate a.错综复杂的
customary a.习惯上的,合乎习谷的
stall n. 1.货摊 2.熄火 3.小房间 v.1.熄火 2.拖延
[联想词]	mall n.购物中心
	compartment n. 1.卧车包房 2.分隔的空间
	prolong vt.延长
monotonous a. 单调无聊的
soothe vt. 1.安慰,使平静 2.减轻,缓和
chant vt. 1.反复有节奏地喊叫 2.吟颂
induce vt. 1.引诱,劝 2.引起,导致
[联想词]	provoke vt. 1.挑衅,激怒 2.激起,引起
	provocative a.1.挑衅的,煽动的 2.挑逗的,刺激的
epithet n.别称
susceptible a. 1.易受影响的 2.过敏的 3.能经受的,容许的
[联想词]	vulnerable a. 1.易受伤的,脆弱的 2.易受攻击的,难防御的
blandishment n. 1.哄骗;奉承 2.甜言蜜语
[联想词]	flatter vt. 1.诌媚,奉承 2.使满意,使高兴
lash v. 1.将...系牢 2.鞭打,抽打 3.猛烈抨击 n. 1.鞭打2.眼睫毛 3.鞭梢
sensation n. 1.感觉能力 2.感觉,知觉 3.轰动,引起轰动的事或人
 
UNIT FOURTEEN
Education:One of the Key Words of Our Time 
　　Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back 'interest' in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by text-books -- those purchasable wells of wisdom-- what would civilization be like without its benefits ? 
　　So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births--but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow- citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of 'college' imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is, equally equipped for life. 
　　It is the ideal condition of the 'equal start' which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no 'illiterates ' -- if the term can be applied to peoples without a script--while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in Francein 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of 'civilized' nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the 'happy few' during the past centuries. 
　　Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents, therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no 'juvenile delinquency.' No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to 'buy' an education for his child.
adverse a.不利的,有害的
deprive vt. 剥夺,使丧失
[联想词]	derive vt. 1.取得,得到 2.追溯...的起源 vi.起源
enlighten vt.启发,开导
[联想词]	illuminate vt. 1.照明,照亮 2.阐明,启发
	clarify vt.澄清,阐明
	clarity n.清楚,明晰
preach vt. 1.宣讲,布道 2.竭力鼓吹,宣传 vi.布道,说教
preacher n.1.传道士,牧师 2.说教者,鼓吹者
[联想词]	missionary n.传教士
defendant n.被告
savage a. 1.残暴的,凶狠的,粗鲁的 2.未开化的,野蛮的 n.野蛮人 vt. 1.乱咬 2.激烈抨击
[联想词]	brutal a.1.野兽般的,残忍的 2.无情的,冷酷的
inherit vt.继承
[联想词]	inherent a.内在的,固有的,生来就有的
tribe n. 1.部落 2.族
[联想词]	clan a.宗族
	ethnic a.种族的
compulsory a.必须做的,强制性的,必修的
attendance n. 1.出席人数 2.出席,参加,出席次数 3.护理,照料
attendant n.服务人员,侍者,随从 a.伴随的,随之而产生的
deem vt.认为,视为
monetary a.钱的,货币的,金融的
hamper vt.妨碍,束缚,限制 
[联想词]	curb vt.控制,约束 n.1.控制,约束 2.路缘
	inhibit vt.阻止,妨碍,抑制
	hinder vt.阻碍,妨碍
	handicap n. 1.缺陷 2.障碍,不利条件 vt.妨碍,使不利
savannah n.热带草原
[联想词]	plateau n.高原
	meadow n.草地
	peninsula n.半岛
	inland a.内地的,内陆的 ad.在内地,向内地
juvenile a.1.少年的 2.幼稚的,不成熟的 n.未成年人,少年
[联想词]	adolescent n.青少年 a.青春期的,青少年的
delinquency n. 1.少年犯罪,违法行为 2.失职,懈怠
 
UNIT FIFTEEN
What Is Going to Be Done with All This Knowledge? 
　　Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world ? Surely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress the accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech. With the invention of writing, a great advance was made, for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing. All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming science, the tempo was suddenly raised. Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to a systematic plan. The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent. Moreover, as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account. What is called 'modern civilization' is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature, but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life. The problem now facing humanity is: What is going to be done with all this knowledge ? As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil. It is now being used indifferently for both. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them ? We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen if this twofold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.
 
loom n. 织布机 vi.1.隐现 2.即将来临
manifest a.明显的,显然的,明了的 vt.1.显示,表明,证明 2.使显现
[联想词]	disclose vt. 揭露,泄露,透露
tempo n. 1.速度 2.节奏
trickle vi. 1.淌,滴,流出 2.慢慢移动,逐渐消散
[联想词]	splash v.溅,泼 n.1.溅泼声 2.溅出的水 3.斑点
	surge vi.1.蜂拥而出 2.洋溢,奔放 3.汹涌 
humanity n. 1.人类,人 2.人生 3.人道,仁慈 4.人文学科 
torrent n. 1.奔流,急流 2.爆发
[联想词]	outbreak n.1.爆发 2.突然发生
	erupt vi. 1.喷发 2.爆发,突然发生
spectacle n. 1.演出,场面 2.景象,壮观 3.[-S]眼镜
grim a. 1.讨厌的,糟糕的 2.严厉的 3.严酷的,无情的
[联想词]	stern a.严厉的,严格的,严峻的
whimsical a. 1.多怪念头的 2.异想天开的,想入非非的 3.心血来潮的 4.反复无常的
[联想词]	eccentric a.古怪的,怪癖的
	sober a. 1.未醉的,清醒的 2.严肃的,持重的 v .(使)醒酒,(使)清醒
shatter vt. 1.使粉碎 2.使破灭,使震惊 vi.碎裂
 
UNIT SIXTEEN
The Eco-War 
　　The military lexicon needs a new term:"eco-war". What better way to describe the acts of environmental slaughter committed last week in the Persian Gulf, where the air is thick with the smoke from burning oil wells and a wide stripe of crude petroleum is fouling the water and devastating wildlife?
　　What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. "Massive oil spills could turn this body of water into a virtual dead sea." says Brent Blackwelder, vice president of Friends of the Earth.
　　But last week's fires and oil spills could be just a prelude of future environmental disasters wrought by the war with Iraq. Among the areas of greatest concern:
　　THE GULF. Because it is virtually an enclosed basin, with an outlet to the sea only 55 km wide at the Strait of Hormuz, the gulf is especialy vulnerable to oil spills. In a body of water badly contaminated by tankers and garbage, a disastrous spill of the kind that Iraq caused last week could destroy nesting areas for endangered sea turles while poisoning fish which are vital to local fishermen. 
　　BURNING OIL FIELDS. Saddam is assumed to have mined all or most of Kuwait's 360 operating oil wells. If he throws the switch, the resulting fires could send forth a vast cloud of dense black smoke that would foul the sir and darken skies as far east as Afghanistan and northern India. After 30 days, smoke could cover an area half the size of Europe. But because oil gushes naturally to the surface in most Kuwaiti wells, with no need of pumping, it will go on feeding a blaze until someone puts it out -- months or years later, depending on how long the war lasts. 
　　The worst possibility is that the immense smoke could lower temperatures in the Indian subcontinent a few degrees, disrupting the monsoon rains that are essential to crops for the nations of that area.
　　 CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS. Chemical weapons work fast, then disappear. They were used during the Iran-Iraq war, sometimes with devastating consequences for combatants, but with almost none for the environment. Since the gulf war began, allied planes and missiles have pounded Iraqi chemical-weapons plants that manufacture mustard gas and nerve agents. Because the plants are surrounded by a 25 sq.km "exclusion zone", the likelihood of a deadly plume invading populated areas is small. Explosives would also tend to break the gases down into less deadly substances. Harmful chemicals that penetrated the soil would disappear without a trace within a few weeks at most.
　　Biological agents could be a different problem. Iraq is believed to possess some of them. In open air, most of those die within hours. But if they penetrate the ground, they can survive in a dormant state for decades, waiting for new victims.
military a.军事的,军用的 n.[the ~]军队,武装力量
militant a.激进的,好斗的 n.激进分子,斗士
[联想词]	cannon n.大炮,火炮
	artillery n.火炮,大炮
	armor n.盔甲,装甲,保护物
	pistol n.手枪
	trigger n.1.扳机 2.引起反应的行动 vt.触发,引起
	ammunition n.军火,弹药
lexicon n.1.词典,字典 2.特殊词汇,专门词汇
[联想词]	appendix n.1.阑尾 2.附录
slaughter vt. n. 1.屠杀,杀戮 2.屠宰 
[联想词]	massacre vt.1. 大规模屠杀,残杀2.彻底击败 n.1.大屠杀 2.惨败	assassination n.刺杀,暗杀
foul a.1.难闻的 2.令人不愉快的,糟透了的 3.污浊的 vt.1.对…犯规 2.弄脏,污染 n.犯规
devastate vt.1.破坏,蹂躏,使荒芜 2.压倒,使垮掉
devastating a. 1.毁灭性的,破坏力极强的 2.令人震惊的 3.强有力的
ecology n. 1.生态 2.生态学
prelude n.前奏,序幕,先声
strait n. 1.海峡 2.[-s]困境,危难
[联想词]	cape n. 1.海角,山甲 2.斗篷,披肩
	isle n.小岛
vulnerable a.1.易受伤的,脆弱的 2.易受攻击的,难防御的
[联想词]	susceptible a.1.易受影响的 2.过敏的 3.能接受的,容许的
contaminate vt.弄脏,污染
disastrous a. 1.灾难性的 2.极坏的,很糟的
[联想词]	misfortune n. 1.不幸,厄运 2.灾难,灾祸
gush v. 1.喷,涌 2.滔滔不绝地说 n.1.喷,涌流 2.迸发,发作
blaze vi.1.熊熊燃烧,着火 2.发光,放光 3.迸发,爆发 
[联想词]	glare vi.1.怒目而视 2.发射强光 n.炫耀,张扬
disrupt vt.使中断,扰乱
monsoon n.季风,季节风
mustard n.芥菜
likelihood n.可能,可能性
plume n.1.(升上空中的)一缕(烟,尘土等) 2.羽毛
 
UNIT SEVENTEEN
The Process of Writing 
　　I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respected, confess at once that they have little idea where they arc going when they first set pen to paper. They have a character, perhaps two, they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration, all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun; one, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands. I never heard of anyone making a 'skeleton', as we were taught at school. In the breaking and remaking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously　in his mind when he began. This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination. A blurred image appears, he adds a brushstroke and another, and it is gone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it. Sometimes the yeast within a writer outlives a book he has written. I have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books, like adolescents they stand before the mirror, and still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision before them. For the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books, winkling out hidden meanings, super-imposing new ones, begging response from those around them. Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair. He is