editing.txt

MSYS在windows下模拟了一个类unix的终端

*editing.txt*   For Vim version 5.8.  Last change: 2001 Jan 18


		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by Bram Moolenaar


Editing files						*edit-files*

1. Introduction			|edit-intro|
2. Editing a file		|edit-a-file|
3. The current directory	|current-directory|
4. The argument list		|argument-list|
5. Writing and quitting		|write-quit|
6. Editing binary files		|edit-binary|
7. Encryption			|encryption|

==============================================================================
1. Introduction						*edit-intro*

Editing a file with Vim means:

1. reading the file into the internal buffer
2. changing the buffer with editor commands
3. writing the buffer into a file

							*current-file*
As long as you don't write the buffer, the original file remains unchanged.
If you start editing a file (read a file into the buffer), the file name is
remembered as the "current file name".

							*alternate-file*
If there already was a current file name, then that one becomes the alternate
file name.  All file names are remembered in the file list.  When you enter a
file name, for editing (e.g., with ":e filename") or writing (e.g., with (:w
file name"), the file name is added to the list.  You can use this list to
remember which files you edited and to quickly switch from one file to
another with the CTRL-^ command (e.g., to copy text).  First type the number
of the file and then hit CTRL-^.  {Vi: only one alternate file name}

CTRL-G		or				*CTRL-G* *:f* *:fi* *:file*
:f[ile]			Prints the current file name (as typed), the
			cursor position (unless the 'ruler' option is set),
			and the file status (readonly, modified, read errors,
			new file)).  See the 'shortmess' option about how tho
			make this message shorter.  {Vi does not include
			column number}

{count}CTRL-G		Like CTRL-G, but prints the current file name with
			full path.  If the count is higher than 1 the current
			buffer number is also given.  {not in Vi}

							*g_CTRL-G*
g CTRL-G		Prints the current position of the cursor in three
			ways: Column, Line and Character.  If there are
			characters in the line that take more than one
			position on the screen (<Tab> or special character),
			both the "real" column and the screen column are
			shown, separated with a dash.  See also 'ruler'
			option.  {not in Vi}

							*:file_f*
:f[ile] {name}		Sets the current file name to {name}.

:buffers
:files
:ls			List all the currently known file names.  See
			'windows.txt' |:files| |:buffers| |:ls|.  {not in
			Vi}

Vim will remember the full path name of a file name that you enter.  In most
cases when the file name is displayed only the name you typed is shown, but
the full path name is being used if you used the ":cd" command |:cd|.

							*home-replace*
If the environment variable $HOME is set, and the file name starts with that
string, it is often displayed with HOME replaced with "~".  This was done to
keep file names short.  When reading or writing files the full name is still
used, the "~" is only used when displaying file names.  When replacing the
file name would result in just "~", "~/" is used instead (to avoid confusion
with 'backupext' set to "~").

When writing the buffer, the default is to use the current file name.  Thus
when you give the "ZZ" or ":wq" command, the original file will be
overwritten.  If you do not want this, the buffer can be written into another
file by giving a file name argument to the ":write" command.  For example:

>	vim testfile
>	[change the buffer with editor commands]
>	:w newfile
>	:q

This will create a file "newfile", that is a modified copy of "testfile".
The file "testfile" will remain unchanged.  Anyway, if the 'backup' option is
set, Vim renames or copies the original file before it will be overwritten.
You can use this file if you discover that you need the original file.  See
also the 'patchmode' option.  The name of the backup file is normally the same
as the original file with 'backupext' appended.  The default "~" is a bit
strange to avoid accidentally overwriting existing files.  If you prefer ".bak"
change the 'backupext' option.  Extra dots are replaced with '_' on MS-DOS
machines, when Vim has detected that an MS-DOS-like filesystem is being used
(e.g., messydos or crossdos) or when the 'shortname' option is on.  The
backup file can be placed in another directory by setting 'backupdir'.

							*auto-shortname*
Technical: On the Amiga you can use 30 characters for a file name.  But on an
	   MS-DOS-compatible filesystem only 8 plus 3 characters are
	   available.  Vim tries to detect the type of filesystem when it is
	   creating the .swp file.  If an MS-DOS-like filesystem is suspected,
	   a flag is set that has the same effect as setting the 'shortname'
	   option.  This flag will be reset as soon as you start editing a
	   new file.  The flag will be used when making the file name for the
	   ".swp" and ".~" files for the current file.  But when you are
	   editing a file in a normal filesystem and write to an MS-DOS-like
	   filesystem the flag will not have been set.  In that case the
	   creation of the ".~" file may fail and you will get an error
	   message.  Use the 'shortname' option in this case.

When you started editing without giving a file name, "No File" is displayed in
messages.  If the ":write" command is used with a file name argument, the file
name for the current file is set to that file name.  This only happens when
the 'F' flag is included in 'cpoptions' (by default it is included).  This is
useful when entering text in an empty buffer and then writing it to a file.
If 'cpoptions' contains the 'f' flag (by default it is NOT included) the file
name is set for the ":read file" command.  This is useful when starting Vim
without an argument and then doing ":read file" to start editing a file.
							*not-edited*
Because the file name was set without really starting to edit that file, you
are protected from overwriting that file.  This is done by setting the
"notedited" flag.  You can see if this flag is set with the CTRL-G or ":file"
command.  It will include "[Not edited]" when the "notedited" flag is set.
When writing the buffer to the current file name (with ":w!"), the "notedited"
flag is reset.

							*abandon*
Vim remembers whether you have changed the buffer.  You are protected from
losing the changes you made.  If you try to quit without writing, or want to
start editing another file, Vim will refuse this.  In order to overrule this
protection, add a '!' to the command.  The changes will then be lost.  For
example: ":q" will not work if the buffer was changed, but ":q!" will.  To see
whether the buffer was changed use the "CTRL-G" command.  The message includes
the string "[Modified]" if the buffer has been changed.

If you want to automatically save the changes without asking, switch on the
'autowrite' option.  Note that ":e file" will fail if there are changes in the
current buffer, also when the 'autowrite' option is on.  This is illogical,
because with other commands (e.g., ":next") the current buffer would be
written and abandoned, but this behavior is compatible with Vi.  If you
encounter this problem, you can use CTRL-^ to jump to the file, because the
alternate file name is set to the argument of the ":e" command.

If you want to keep the changed buffer without saving it, switch on the
'hidden' option.  See |hidden-buffer|.

							*:confirm* *:conf*
:conf[irm] {command}	Execute {command}, and use a dialog when an
			operation has to be confirmed.  Can be used on the
			":q", ":qa" and ":w" commands (the latter to over-ride
			a read-only setting).

Examples:
>  :confirm w foo
	Will ask for confirmation when "foo" already exists.
>  :confirm q
	Will ask for confirmation when there are changes.
>  :confirm qa
	If any modified, unsaved buffers exist, you will be prompted to save
	or abandon each one.  There are also choices to "save all" or "abandon
	all".

If you want to always use ":confirm", set the 'confirm' option.

							*:browse* *:bro*
:bro[wse] {command}	Open a file selection dialog for an argument to
			{command}.  At present this works for ":e", ":w",
			":r", ":sp", ":mkexrc", ":mkvimrc" and ":mksession".
			{only in Win32, Motif and Athena GUI}
			When ":browse" is not supported it's ignored,
			{command} is executed without a dialog.

The syntax is best shown via some examples:
>	:browse e $vim/foo
		Open the browser in the $vim/foo directory, and edit the
		file chosen.
>	:browse e
		Open the browser in the directory of the current buffer,
		and edit the file chosen.
>	:browse w
		Open the browser in the directory of the current buffer,
		with the current buffer filename as default, and save the
		buffer under the filename chosen.
>	:browse w C:/bar
		Open the browser in the C:/bar directory, with the current
		buffer filename as default, and save the buffer under the
		filename chosen.
Also see the |'browsedir'| option.
For versions of Vim where browsing is not supported, the command is executed
unmodified.

==============================================================================
2. Editing a file					*edit-a-file*

							*:e* *:edit*
:e[dit] [+cmd]		Edit the current file.  This is useful to re-edit the
			current file, when it has been changed outside of Vim.
			This fails when changes have been made to the current
			buffer.  Also see |+cmd|.

							*:edit!*
:e[dit]! [+cmd]		Edit the current file always.  Discard any changes to
			the current buffer.  This is useful if you want to
			start all over again.  Also see |+cmd|.

							*:edit_f*
:e[dit] [+cmd] {file}	Edit {file}.  This fails when changes have been made
			to the current buffer, unless 'hidden' is set.  Also
			see |+cmd|.

							*:edit!_f*
:e[dit]! [+cmd] {file}	Edit {file} always.  Discard any changes to the
			current buffer.  Also see |+cmd|.

:e[dit] [+cmd] #[count]	Edit the [count]th alternate file name (as shown by
			:files).  This command does the same as
			[count] CTRL-^.  But ":e #" doesn't work if the
			alternate buffer doesn't have a file name, while
			CTRL-^ still works then.  Also see |+cmd|.

							*:fin* *:find*
:fin[d][!] [+cmd] {file}
			Find {file} in 'path' and then ":edit" it.
			{not in Vi} {not available when the |+file_in_path|
			feature was disabled at compile time}

							*:ex*
:ex [+cmd] [file]	Same as :edit, but also switch to "Ex" mode.  See
			|Ex-mode|.

							*:vi* *:visual*
:vi[sual][!] [+cmd] [file]
			When entered in Ex mode: Leave Ex mode, go back to
			Normal mode.  Otherwise same as :edit.

							*:vie* *:view*
:vie[w] [+cmd] file	When entered in Ex mode: Leave Ex mode, go back to
			Normal mode.  Otherwise same as :edit, but set
			'readonly' option for this buffer.  {not in Vi}

							*CTRL-^*
[count]CTRL-^		Edit [count]th alternate file (equivalent to ":e
			#[count]").  Without count this gets you to the
			previously edited file.  This is a quick way to
			toggle between two (or more) files.  If the
			'autowrite' option is on and the buffer was
			changed, write it.

[count]]f						*]f* *[f*
[count][f		Same as "gf".  Deprecated.

							*gf*
[count]gf		Edit the file whose name is under or after the cursor.
			Mnemonic: "goto file".
			Uses the 'isfname' option to find out which characters
			are supposed to be in a file name.
			Uses the 'path' variable as a list of directory names
			to look for the file.  Also looks for the file
			relative to the current file.
			If a [count] is given, the count'th file that is found
			in the 'path' is edited.
			This command fails if Vim refuses to |abandon| the
			current file.
			If you do want to edit a new file, use:
>				:e <cfile>
			To make gf always work like that:
>				:map gf :e <cfile><CR>
			If the name is a hypertext link, that looks like
			"type://machine/path", only "/path" is used.
			For Unix the '~' character is expanded, like in
			"~user/file".  Environment variables are expanded too
			|expand-env|.
			{not in Vi}
			{not available when the |+file_in_path| feature was
			disabled at compile time}