vi_diff.txt

MSYS在windows下模拟了一个类unix的终端

With the :set command the prefix "inv" can be used to invert boolean options.

In both Vi and Vim you can create a line break with the ":substitute" command
by using a CTRL-M.  For Vi this means you cannot insert a real CTRL-M in the
text.  With Vim you can put a real CTRL-M in the text by preceding it with a
CTRL-V.


In Insert mode:

If the 'revins' option is set, insert happens backwards.  This is for typing
Hebrew.  When inserting normal characters the cursor will not be shifted and
the text moves rightwards.  Backspace, CTRL-W and CTRL-U will also work in
the opposite direction.  CTRL-B toggles the 'revins' option.  In replace mode
'revins' has no effect.  Only when enabled at compile time.

The backspace key can be used just like CTRL-D to remove auto-indents.

You can backspace, ctrl-U and CTRL-W over line breaks if the 'backspace' (bs)
option includes "eol".  You can backspace over the start of insert if the
'backspace' option includes "start".

When the 'paste' option is set, a few option are reset and mapping in insert
mode and abbreviation are disabled.  This allows for pasting text in windowing
systems without unexpected results.  When the 'paste' option is reset, the old
option values are restored.

CTRL-T/CTRL-D always insert/delete an indent in the current line, no matter
what column the cursor is in.

CTRL-@ (insert previously inserted text) works always (Vi: only when typed as
first character).

CTRL-A works like CTRL-@ but does not leave insert mode.

CTRL-R {0-9a-z..} can be used to insert the contents of a register.

When the 'smartindent' option is set, C programs will be better auto-indented.
With 'cindent' even more.

CTRL-Y and CTRL-E can be used to copy a character from above/below the
current cursor position.

After CTRL-V you can enter a three digit decimal number.  This byte value is
inserted in the text as a single character.  Useful for international
characters that are not on your keyboard.

When the 'expandtab' (et) option is set, a <Tab> is expanded to the
appropriate number of spaces.

The window always reflects the contents of the buffer (Vi does not do this
when changing text and in some other cases).

If Vim is compiled with DIGRAPHS defined, digraphs are supported.  A set of
normal digraphs is included.  They are shown with the ":digraph" command.
More can be added with ":digraph {char1}{char2} {number}".  A digraph is
entered with "CTRL-K {char1} {char2}" or "{char1} BS {char2}" (only when
'digraph' option is set).

When repeating an insert, e.g. "10atest <Esc>" vi would only handle wrapmargin
for the first insert.  Vim does it for all.

A count to the 'i' or 'a' command is used for all the text.  Vi uses the count
only for one line.  "3iabc<NL>def<Esc>" would insert "abcabcacc<NL>def" in Vi
but "abc<NL>defabc<NL>defabc<NL>def" in Vim.


In Command-line mode:

<Esc> terminates the command-line without executing it. In vi the command
line would be executed, which is not what most people expect (hitting <Esc>
should always get you back to command mode).  To avoid problems with some
obscure macros, an <Esc> in a macro will execute the command.  If you want a
typed <Esc> to execute the command like vi does you can fix this with
	":cmap ^V<Esc> ^V<CR>"

General:

The 'ttimeout' option is like 'timeout', but only works for cursor and
function keys, not for ordinary mapped characters.  The 'timeoutlen' option
gives the number of milliseconds that is waited for.  If the 'esckeys' option
is not set, cursor and function keys that start with <Esc> are not recognized
in insert mode.

There is an option for each terminal string.  Can be used when termcap is not
supported or to change individual strings.

The 'fileformat' option can be set to select the <EOL>: "dos" <CR><NL>, "unix"
<NL> or "mac" <CR>.
When the 'fileformats' option is not empty, Vim tries to detect the type of
<EOL> automatically.  The 'fileformat' option is set accordingly.

On systems that have no job control (older Unix systems and non-Unix systems)
the CTRL-Z, ":stop" or ":suspend" command starts a new shell.

If Vim is started on the Amiga without an interactive window for output, a
window is opened (and :sh still works).  You can give a device to use for
editing with the '-d' argument, e.g. "-d con:20/20/600/150".

The 'columns' and 'lines' options are used to set or get the width and height
of the display.

Option settings are read from the first and last few lines of the file.
Option 'modelines' determines how many lines are tried (default is 5).  Note
that this is different from the Vi versions that can execute any Ex command
in a modeline (a major security problem).  |trojan-horse|

If the 'insertmode' option is set (e.g. in .exrc), Vim starts in insert mode.
And it comes back there, when pressing <Esc>.

Undo information is kept in memory.  Available memory limits the number and
size of change that can be undone.  This may be a problem with MS-DOS, is
hardly a problem on the Amiga and almost never with Unix and Win32.

If the 'backup' or 'writebackup' option is set: Before a file is overwritten,
a backup file (.bak) is made.  If the "backup" option is set it is left
behind.

Vim creates a file ending in ".swp" to store parts of the file that have been
changed or that do not fit in memory.  This file can be used to recover from
an aborted editing session with "vim -r file".  Using the swap file can be
switched off by setting the 'updatecount' option to 0 or starting Vim with
the "-n" option.  Use the 'directory' option for placing the .swp file
somewhere else.

Vim is able to work correctly on filesystems with 8.3 file names, also when
using messydos or crossdos filesystems on the Amiga, or any 8.3 mounted
filesystem under Unix.  See |'shortname'|.

Error messages are shown at least one second (Vi overwrites error messages).

If Vim gives the |hit-return| prompt, you can hit any key.  Characters other
than <CR>, <NL> and <Space> are interpreted as the (start of) a command.  (Vi
only accepts a command starting with ':').

The contents of the numbered and unnamed registers is remembered when
changing files.

The "No lines in buffer" message is a normal message instead of an error
message, since that may cause a mapping to be aborted.

The AUX: device of the Amiga is supported.

==============================================================================
6. Command-line arguments				*cmdline-arguments*

Different versions of Vi have different command-line arguments.  This can be
confusing.  To help you, this section gives an overview of the differences.

Five variants of Vi will be considered here:
	Elvis	Elvis version 2.1b
	Nvi	Nvi version 1.79
	Posix	Posix 1003.2
	Vi	Vi version 3.7 (for Sun 4.1.x)
	Vile	Vile version 7.4 (incomplete)
	Vim	Vim version 5.2

Only Vim is able to accept options in between and after the file names.

+{command}	Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Same as "-c {command}".

-		Nvi, Posix, Vi: Run Ex in batch mode.
		Vim: Read file from stdin (use -s for batch mode).

--		Vim: End of options, only file names are following.

--help		Vim: show help message and exit.

--version	Vim: show version message and exit.

-?		Vile: print usage summary and exit.

-a		Elvis: Load all specified file names into a window (use -o for
		Vim).

-b {blksize}	Elvis: Use {blksize} blocksize for the session file.
-b		Vim: set 'binary' mode.

-C		Vim: Compatible mode.

-c {command}	Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vim: run {command} as an Ex command after
		loading the edit buffer.
		Vim: allow up to 10 "-c" arguments

-d {device}	Vim: Use {device} for I/O (Amiga only).

-e		Elvis, Nvi, Vim: Start in Ex mode, as if the executable is
		called "ex".

-f		Vim: Run GUI in foreground (Amiga: don't open new window).
-f {session}	Elvis: Use {session} as the session file.

-F		Vim: Start in Farsi mode (when compiled with Farsi).
		Nvi: Fast start, don't read the entire file when editing
		starts.

-G {gui}	Elvis: Use the {gui} as user interface.

-g		Vim: Start GUI.
-g N		Vile: start editing at line N

-h		Vim: Give help message.
		Vile: edit the help file

-H		Vim: start Hebrew mode (when compiled with it).

-i		Elvis: Start each window in Insert mode.
-i {viminfo}	Vim: Use {viminfo} for viminfo file.

-L		Vim: Same as "-r" (also in some versions of Vi).

-l		Nvi, Vi, Vim: Set 'lisp' and 'showmatch' options.

-m		Vim: Modifications not allowed, reset 'write' option.

-N		Vim: No-compatible mode.

-n		Vim: No swap file used.

-o[N]		Vim: Open [N] windows, or one for each file.

-q {name}	Vim: Use {name} for quickfix error file.
-q{name}	Vim: Idem.

-R		Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vile, Vim: Set the 'readonly' option.

-r		Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Recovery mode.

-S		Nvi: Set 'secure' option.

-s		Nvi, Posix, Vim: Same as "-" (silent mode), when in Ex mode.
		Elvis: Sets the 'safer' option.
-s {scriptin}	Vim: Read from script file {scriptin}; only when not in Ex
		mode.
-s {pattern}	Vile: search for {pattern}

-t {tag}	Elvis, Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Edit the file containing {tag}.
-t{tag}		Vim: Idem.

-T {term}	Vim: Set terminal name to {term}.

-u {vimrc}	Vim: Read initializations from {vimrc} file.

-U {gvimrc}	Vim: Read GUI initializations from {gvimrc} file.

-v		Nvi, Posix, Vi, Vim: Begin in Normal mode (visual mode, in Vi
		terms).
		Vile: View mode, no changes possible.

-V		Elvis, Vim: Verbose mode.

-w {size}	Elvis, Posix, Nvi, Vi, Vim: Set value of 'window' to {size}.
-w{size}	Nvi, Vi: Same as "-w {size}".
-w {name}	Vim: Write to script file {name} (must start with non-digit).

-W {name}	Vim: Append to script file {name}.

-x		Vi, Vim: Ask for encryption key.  See |encryption|.

@{cmdfile}	Vile: use {cmdfile} as startup file.

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