vi_diff.txt

MSYS在windows下模拟了一个类unix的终端

	paragraph conveniently (e.g. when the text is later read into a DTP
	program).  Move the cursor up/down with the "gk" and "gj" commands.

Text formatting.					|formatting|
	The 'textwidth' option can be used to automatically limit the line
	length.  This supplements the 'wrapmargin' option of Vi, which was not
	very useful.  The "gq" operator can be used to format a piece of text
	(for example, "gqap" formats the current paragraph).  Commands for
	text alignment: ":center", ":left" and ":right".

Edit-compile-edit speedup.				|quickfix|
	The ":make" command can be used to run the compilation and jump to
	the first error.  Alternatively Vim can be started with the "-q"
	option from the compiler.  A file with compiler error messages is
	interpreted.  Vim starts editing at the first error.

	Each line in the error file is scanned for the name of a file, line
	number and error message.  The 'errorformat' option can be set to a
	list of scanf-like strings to handle output from many compilers.

	The ":cn" command can be used to jump to the next error.
	":cl" lists all the error messages.  Other commands are available
	(almost the same as with Manx's Z editor on the Amiga).
	The 'makeef' option has the name of the file with error messages.
	The 'makeprg' option contains the name of the program to be executed
	with the ":make" command.
	The 'shellpipe' option contains the string to be used to put the
	output of the compiler into the errorfile.

Improved indenting for C programs			|'cindent'|
	When the 'cindent' option is on the indent of each line is
	automatically adjusted.  C syntax is mostly recognized.  The indent
	for various styles can be set with 'cinoptions'.  The keys to trigger
	indenting can be set with 'cinkeys'.

	Comments can be automatically formatted.  The 'comments' option can be
	set to the characters that start and end a comment.  This works best
	for C code, but also works for e-mail (">" at start of the line) and
	other types of text.  The "=" operator can be used to re-indent
	lines.

Searching for words in include files			|include-search|
	The "[i" command can be used to search for a match of the word under
	the cursor in the current and included files.  The 'include' option
	can be set the a pattern that describes a command to include a file
	(the default is for C programs).
	The "[I" command lists all matches, the "[ CTRL-I" command jumps to
	a match.
	The "[d", "[D" and "[ CTRL-D" commands do the same, but only for
	lines where the pattern given with the 'define' option matches.

Automatic commands					|autocommand|
	Commands can be automatically executed when reading a file, writing a
	file, jumping to another buffer, etc., depending on the file name.
	This is useful to set options and mappings for C programs,
	documentation, plain text, e-mail, etc.  This also makes it possible
	to edit compressed files.

Scripts and Expressions					|expression|
	Commands have been added to form up a simple but powerful script
	language.
	|:if|		Conditional execution, which can be used for example
			to set options depending on the value of $TERM.
	|:while|	Repeat a number of commands.
	|:echo|		Print the result of an expression.
	|:let|		Assign a value to an internal variable, option, etc.
	|:execute|	Execute a command formed by an expression.
	etc.

Viminfo							|viminfo-file|
	The command-line history, marks and registers can be stored in a file
	that is read on startup.  This can be used to repeat a search command
	or command-line command after exiting and restarting Vim.  It is also
	possible to jump right back to where the last edit stopped with "'0".
	The 'viminfo' option can be set to select which items to store in the
	.viminfo file.  This is off by default.

Mouse support						|mouse-using|
	The mouse is supported in the GUI version, in an xterm for Unix, for
	Linux with gpm, for MS-DOS, and Win32.  It can be used to position the
	cursor, select the visual area, paste a register, etc.

Usage of key names					|<>| |key-notation|
	Special keys now all have a name like <Up>, <End>, etc.
	This name can be used in mappings, to make it easy to edit them.

Editing binary files					|edit-binary|
	Vim can edit binary files.  You can change a few characters in an
	executable file, without corrupting it.  Vim doesn't remove NUL
	characters (they are represented as <NL> internally).
	|-b|		command-line argument to start editing a binary file
	|'binary'|	Option set by "-b".  Prevents adding an <EOL> for the
			last line in the file.

==============================================================================
5. Other vim features					*other-features*

A random collection of nice extra features.


When Vim is started with "-s scriptfile", the characters read from
"scriptfile" are treated as if you typed them.  If end of file is reached
before the editor exits, further characters are read from the console.

The "-w" option can be used to record all typed characters in a script file.
This file can then be used to redo the editing, possibly on another file or
after changing some commands in the script file.

The "-o" option opens a window for each argument.  "-o4" opens four windows.


In command mode:

When the 'showcmd' option is set, the command characters are shown in the last
line of the screen.  They are removed when the command is finished.

If the 'ruler' option is set, the current cursor position is shown in the
last line of the screen.

'U' still works after having moved off the last changed line and after 'u'.

Characters with the 8th bit set are displayed.  The characters between '~' and
0xa0 are displayed as "~?", "~@", "~A", etc., unless the "graphic' option is
set.

'][' goes to the next ending of a C function ('}' in column 1).
'[]' goes to the previous ending of a C function ('}' in column 1).

']f', '[f' and 'gf' start editing the file whose name is under the cursor.
CTRL-W f splits the window and starts editing the file whose name is under
the cursor.

'*' searches forward for the identifier under the cursor, '#' backward.
'K' runs the program defined by the "keywordprg" option, with the identifier
under the cursor as argument.

'%' can be preceded with a count.  The cursor jumps to the line that
percentage down in the file.  The normal '%' function to jump to the matching
brace skips braces inside quotes.

With the CTRL-] command, the cursor may be in the middle of the identifier.

The used tags are remembered.  Commands that can be used with the tag stack
are CTRL-T, ':pop' and ':tag'.  ':tags' lists the tag stack.

The 'tags' option can be set to a list of tag file names.  Thus multiple
tag files can be used.  For file names that start with '.', the '.' is
replaced with the path of the current file.  This makes it possible to use a
tags file in the same directory as the file being edited.

Previously used file names are remembered in the alternate file name list.
CTRL-^ accepts a count, which is an index in this list.

Search patterns have more features.  The <NL> character is seen as part of the
search pattern and the substitute string of ":s".  Vi sees it as the end of
the command.

Searches can put the cursor on the end of a match and may include a character
offset.

Count added to '~', ':next', ':Next', 'n' and 'N'.

The command ":next!" with 'autowrite' set does not write the file.  In vi the
file was written, but this is considered to be a bug, because one does not
expect it and the file is not written with ':rewind!'.

In Vi when entering a <CR> in replace mode deletes a character only when 'ai'
is set (but does not show it until you hit <Esc>).  Vim always deletes a
character (and shows it immediately).

Added :wnext command.  Same as ":write" followed by ":next".

The ":w!" command always writes, also when the file is write protected.  In Vi
you would have to do ":!chmod +w %" and ":set noro".

When 'tildeop' has been set, '~' is an operator (must be followed by a
movement command).

With the 'J' (join) command you can reset the 'joinspaces' (js) option to
have only one space after a period (Vi inserts two spaces).

'cw' can be used to change white space formed by several characters (Vi is
confusing: 'cw' only changes one space, while 'dw' deletes all white space).

'o' and 'O' accept a count for repeating the insert (Vi clears a part of
display).

Previously used file names are remembered in the alternate file name list.
":files" command shows the list of alternate file names.
'#'<N> is replaced with the <N>th alternate file name in the list.
"#<" is replaced with the current file name without extension.

Flags after Ex commands not supported (no plans to include it).

On non-UNIX systems ":cd" command shows current directory instead of going to
the home directory (there isn't one).  ":pwd" prints the current directory on
all systems.

':source!' command reads Vi commands from a file.

':mkexrc' command writes current modified options and mappings to a ".exrc"
file.  ':mkvimrc' writes to a ".vimrc" file.

No check for "tail recursion" with mappings.  This allows things like
":map! foo ^]foo".

When a mapping starts with number, vi loses the count typed before it (e.g.
when using the mapping ":map g 4G" the command "7g" goes to line 4).  This is
considered a vi bug.  Vim concatenates the counts (in the example it becomes
"74G"), as most people would expect.

The :put! command inserts the contents of a register above the current line.

The 'p' and 'P' commands of vi cannot be repeated with '.' when the putted
text is less than a line.  In Vim they can always be repeated.

":noremap" command can be used to enter a mapping that will not be remapped.
This is useful to exchange the meaning of two keys.  ":cmap", ":cunmap" and
":cnoremap" can be used for mapping in command-line editing only.  ":imap",
":iunmap" and ":inoremap" can be used for mapping in insert mode only.
Similar commands exist for abbreviations: ":noreabbrev", ":iabbrev"
":cabbrev", ":iunabbrev", ":cunabbrev", ":inoreabbrev", ":cnoreabbrev".

In Vi the command ":map foo bar" would remove a previous mapping
":map bug foo".  This is considered a bug, so it is not included in Vim.
":unmap! foo" does remove ":map! bug foo", because unmapping would be very
difficult otherwise (this is vi compatible).

The ':' register contains the last command-line.
The '%' register contains the current file name.
The '.' register contains the last inserted text.

':dis' command shows the contents of the yank registers.

CTRL-O/CTRL-I can be used to jump to older/newer positions.  These are the
same positions as used with the '' command, but may be in another file.  The
':jumps' command lists the older positions.

If the 'shiftround' option is set, an indent is rounded to a multiple of
'shiftwidth' with '>' and '<' commands.

The 'scrolljump' option can be set to the minimum number of lines to scroll
when the cursor gets off the screen.  Use this when scrolling is slow.

The 'scrolloff' option can be set to the minimum number of lines to keep
above and below the cursor.  This gives some context to where you are
editing.  When set to a large number the cursor line is always in the middle
of the window.

Uppercase marks can be used to jump between files.  The ':marks' command lists
all currently set marks.  The commands "']" and "`]" jump to the end of the
previous operator or end of the text inserted with the put command.  "'[" and
"`[" do jump to the start.

The 'shelltype' option can be set to reflect the type of shell used on the
Amiga.

The 'highlight' option can be set for the highlight mode to be used for
several commands.

The CTRL-A (add) and CTRL-X (subtract) commands are new.  The count to the
command (default 1) is added to/subtracted from the number at or after the
cursor.  That number may be decimal, octal (starts with a '0') or hexadecimal
(starts with '0x').  Very useful in macros.