vi_diff.txt

MSYS在windows下模拟了一个类unix的终端

*vi_diff.txt*   For Vim version 5.8.  Last change: 2000 Aug 11


		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by Bram Moolenaar


Differences between Vim and Vi				*vi-differences*

Throughout the help files differences between Vim and Vi/Ex are given in
curly braces, like "{not in Vi}".  This file only lists what has not been
mentioned in other files and gives an overview.

Vim is mostly POSIX 1003.2-1 compliant.  The only command known to be missing
is ":open".  There are probably a lot of small differences.

1. Missing commands			|missing-commands|
2. Missing options			|missing-options|
3. Limits				|limits|
4. The most interesting additions	|vim-additions|
5. Other vim features			|other-features|
6. Command-line arguments		|cmdline-arguments|

==============================================================================
1. Missing commands					*missing-commands*

This command is in Vi, but not in Vim:

:o[pen]			{Vi: start editing in open mode} *:o* *:op* *:open*

==============================================================================
2. Missing options					*missing-options*

These options are in the Unix Vi, but not in Vim.  If you try to set one of
them you won't get an error message, but the value is not used and cannot be
printed.

autoprint (ap)		boolean	(default on)		*'autoprint'* *'ap'*
beautify (bf)		boolean	(default off)		*'beautify'* *'bf'*
flash (fl)		boolean	(default ??)		*'flash'* *'fl'*
graphic (gr)		boolean	(default off)		*'graphic'* *'gr'*
hardtabs (ht)		number	(default 8)		*'hardtabs'* *'ht'*
	number of spaces that a <Tab> moves on the display
mesg			boolean	(default on)		*'mesg'*
novice			boolean	(default ??)		*'novice'*
open			boolean	(default on)		*'open'*
optimize (op)		boolean	(default off)		*'optimize'* *'op'*
prompt			boolean	(default on)		*'prompt'*
redraw			boolean	(default off)		*'redraw'*
slowopen (slow)		boolean	(default off)		*'slowopen'* *'slow'*
sourceany		boolean	(default off)		*'sourceany'*
window (wi)		number	(default 23)		*'window'* *'wi'*
w300			number	(default 23)		*'w300'*
w1200			number	(default 23)		*'w1200'*
w9600			number	(default 23)		*'w9600'*

==============================================================================
3. Limits						*limits*

Vim has only a few limits for the files that can be edited {Vi: can not handle
<Nul> characters and characters above 128, has limited line length, many other
limits}.

Maximum line length	   On machines with 16-bit ints (Amiga and MS-DOS real
			   mode): 32767, otherwise 2147483647 characters.
			   Longer lines are split.
Maximum number of lines	   2147483647 lines.
Maximum file size	   2147483647 bytes (2 Gbyte) when a long integer is
			   32 bits.  Much more for 64 bit longs.  Also limited
			   by available disk space for the |swap-file|.
Length of a file path	   Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 256
			   characters (or as much as the system supports).
Length of an expanded string option
			   Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 256
			   characters
Maximum display width	   Unix and Win32: 1024 characters, otherwise 255
			   characters
Maximum lhs of a mapping   50 characters.

Information for undo and text in registers is kept in memory, thus when making
(big) changes the amount of (virtual) memory available limits the number of
undo levels and the text that can be kept in registers.  Other things are also
kept in memory:  Command-line history, error messages for Quickfix mode, etc.

Memory usage limits
-------------------

The option 'maxmem' ('mm') is used to set the maximum memory used for one
buffer (in kilobytes).  'maxmemtot' is used to set the maximum memory used for
all buffers (in kilobytes).  The defaults depend on the system used.  For the
Amiga and MS-DOS, 'maxmemtot' is set depending on the amount of memory
available.  If you don't like Vim to swap to a file, set 'maxmem' and
'maxmemtot' to a very large value.  The swap file will then only be used for
recovery.  If you don't want a swap file at all, set 'updatecount' to 0, or
use the "-n" argument when starting Vim.  Note that the 'maxmem' option is
only used when a buffer is created.  Changing this option does not affect
buffers that have already been loaded.  Thus you can set it to different
values for different files.  'maxmemtot' works always.

==============================================================================
4. The most interesting additions			*vim-additions*

Vi compatibility.					|'compatible'|
	Although Vim is 99% Vi compatible, some things in Vi can be
	considered to be a bug, or at least need improvement.  But still, Vim
	starts in a mode which behaves like the "real" Vi as much as possible.
	To make Vim behave a little bit better, try resetting the 'compatible'
	option:
		:set nocompatible
	Or start Vim with the "-N" argument:
		vim -N
	This is done automatically if you have a .vimrc file.  See |startup|.
	The 'cpoptions' option can be used to set Vi compatibility on/off for
	a number of specific items.			|'cpoptions'|

Support for different systems.
	Vim can be used on:
	- All Unix systems (it works on all systems it was tested on, although
	  the GUI and Perl interface may not work everywhere).
	- Amiga (500, 1000, 1200, 2000, 3000, 4000, ...).
	- MS-DOS in real-mode (no additional drivers required).
	- In protected mode on Windows 3.1 and MS-DOS (DPMI driver required).
	- Windows 95 and Windows NT, with support for long file names.
	- OS/2 (needs emx.dll)
	- Atari MiNT
	- VMS
	- BeOS
	- Macintosh (although there is no binary available, needs some work)

Multi level undo.					|undo|
	'u' goes backward in time, 'ctrl-R' goes forward again.  Set option
	'undolevels' to the number of changes to be remembered (default 1000).
	Set 'undolevels' to 0 for a vi-compatible one level undo. Set it to
	-1 for no undo at all.

	When all changes in a buffer have been undone, the buffer is not
	considered changed anymore.  You can exit it with :q, without <!>.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)				|gui|
	Included support for GUI: menu's, mouse, scrollbars, etc.  You can
	define your own menus.  Better support for CTRL/SHIFT/ALT keys in
	combination with special keys and mouse.  Currently for X11 (with
	Motif and Athena interfaces), Win32 (Windows 95 and Windows NT), BeOS,
	Amiga and Macintosh.

Multiple windows and buffers.				|windows.txt|
	Vim can split the screen into several windows, each editing a
	different buffer or the same buffer at a different location.  Buffers
	can still be loaded (and changed) but not displayed in a window.  This
	is called a hidden buffer.  Many commands and options have been added
	for this facility.

Syntax highlighting.					|:syntax|
	Vim can highlight keywords, patterns and other things.  This is
	defined by a number of ":syntax" commands, and can be made to
	highlight most languages and file types.  A number of files are
	included for highlighting the most common languages, like C, C++,
	Java, Pascal, Makefiles, shell scripts, etc.  The colors used for
	highlighting can be defined for ordinary terminals, color terminals
	and the GUI with the ":highlight" command.

Repeat a series of commands.				|q|
	'q'{c} starts recording typed characters into named register {c}
	(append to the register if register name is upper case).  A subsequent
	'q' stops recording.  The register can then be executed with the
	'@'{c} command.  This is very useful to repeat a complex action.

Flexible insert mode.					|ins-special-special|
	The arrow keys can be used in insert mode to move around in the file.
	This breaks the insert in two parts as far as undo and redo is
	concerned.

	CTRL-O can be used to execute a single command-mode command.  This is
	almost the same as hitting <Esc>, typing the command and hitting 'a'.

Visual mode.						|Visual-mode|
	Visual can be used to first highlight a piece of text and then give a
	command to do something with it.  This is an (easy to use) alternative
	to first giving the operator and then moving to the end of the text
	to be operated upon.  'v' and 'V' are used to start Visual mode.  'v'
	works on characters and 'V' on lines.  Move the cursor to extend the
	Visual part.  It is shown highlighted on the screen.  By typing 'o'
	the other end of the Visual text can be moved.  The Visual text can
	be affected by an operator:
		d	delete
		c	change
		y	yank
		> or <	insert or delete indent
		!	filter through external program
		=	filter through indent
		:	start ":" command for the Visual lines.
		gq	format text to 'textwidth' columns
		J	join lines
		~	swap case
		u	make lowercase
		U	make uppercase

Block operators.					|visual-block|
	With Visual a rectangular block of text can be selected.  Start Visual
	with CTRL-V.  The block can be deleted ('d'), yanked ('y') or its case
	can be changed ('~', 'u' and 'U').  A deleted or yanked block can be
	put into the text with the 'p' and 'P' commands.

Online help system.					|:help|
	Help is displayed in a window.  The usual commands can be used to
	move around, search for a string, etc.  Tags can be used to jump
	around in the help files, just like hypertext links.  The ":help"
	command takes an argument to quickly jump to the info on a subject.
	<F1> is the quick access to the help system.  The name of the help
	index file can be set with the 'helpfile' option.

Command-line editing and history.			|cmdline-editing|
	You can insert or delete at any place in the command-line using the
	cursor keys.  The right/left cursor keys can be used to move
	forward/backward one character.  The shifted right/left cursor keys
	can be used to move forward/backward one word.  CTRL-B/CTRL-E can be
	used to go to the begin/end of the command-line.

							|cmdline-history|
	The command-lines are remembered.  The up/down cursor keys can be used
	to recall previous command-lines.  The 'history' option can be set to
	the number of lines that will be remembered.  There is a separate
	history for commands and for search patterns.

Command-line completion.				|cmdline-completion|
	While entering a command-line (on the bottom line of the screen)
	<Tab> can be typed to complete
	   what		example		~
	- command	:e<Tab>
	- tag		:ta scr<Tab>
	- option	:set sc<Tab>
	- option value  :set hf=<Tab>
	- file name	:e ve<Tab>
	- etc.

	If there are multiple matches, CTRL-N (next) and CTRL-P (previous)
	will walk through the matches.  <Tab> works like CTRL-N, but wraps
	around to the first match.

	The 'wildchar' option can be set to the character for command-line
	completion, <Tab> is the default.  CTRL-D can be typed after an
	(incomplete) wildcard; all matches will be listed.  CTRL-A will insert
	all matches.  CTRL-L will insert the longest common part of the
	matches.

Insert-mode completion					|ins-completion|
	In insert mode the CTRL-N and CTRL-P keys can be used to complete a
	word that has previously been used.	|i_CTRL-N|
	With CTRL-X another mode is entered, through which completion can be
	done for:
	|i_CTRL-X_CTRL-F|	file names
	|i_CTRL-X_CTRL-K|	words from a dictionary
	|i_CTRL-X_CTRL-I|	words from included files
	|i_CTRL-X_CTRL-L|	whole lines
	|i_CTRL-X_CTRL-]|	words from the tags file
	|i_CTRL-X_CTRL-D|	definitions or macros

Long line support					|'wrap'| |'linebreak'|
	If the 'wrap' option is off, long lines will not wrap and only part
	of them will be shown.  When the cursor is moved to a part that is not
	shown, the screen will scroll horizontally.  The minimum number of
	columns to scroll can be set with the 'sidescroll' option.  The "zh"
	and "zl" commands can be used to scroll sideways.
	Alternatively, long lines are broken in between words when the
	'linebreak' option is set.  This allows editing a single-line