eval.txt

MSYS在windows下模拟了一个类unix的终端

hangul_input		Compiled with Hangul input support. |hangul|
insert_expand		Compiled with support for CTRL-X expansion commands in
			Insert mode.
langmap			Compiled with 'langmap' support.
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mac			Macintosh version of Vim.
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modify_fname		Compiled with file name modifiers. |filename-modifiers|
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mouse_dec		Compiled with support for Dec terminal mouse.
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user_commands		User-defined commands.
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x11			Compiled with X11 support.

==============================================================================
5. Defining functions					*user-functions*

New functions can be defined.  These can be called just like builtin
functions.

The function name must start with an uppercase letter, to avoid confusion with
builtin functions.  To prevent from using the same name in different scripts
avoid obvious, short names.  A good habit is to start the function name with
the name of the script, e.g., "HTMLcolor()".

							*:fu* *:function*
:fu[nction]		List all functions and their arguments.

:fu[nction] {name}	List function {name}.

:fu[nction][!] {name}([arguments]) [range] [abort]
			Define a new function by the name {name}.  The name
			must be made of alphanumeric characters and '_', and
			must start with a capital.
			An argument can be defined by giving its name.  In the
			function this can then be used as "a:name" ("a:" for
			argument).
			Up to 20 arguments can be given, separated by commas.
			Finally, an argument "..." can be specified, which
			means that more arguments may be following.  In the
			function they can be used as "a:1", "a:2", etc.  "a:0"
			is set to the number of extra arguments (which can be
			0).
			When not using "...", the number of arguments in a
			function call must be equal the number of named
			arguments.  When using "...", the number of arguments
			may be larger.
			It is also possible to define a function without any
			arguments.  You must still supply the () then.
			The body of the function follows in the next lines,
			until the matching |:endfunction|.  It is allowed to
			define another function inside a function body.
			When a function by this name already exists and [!] is
			not used an error message is given.  When [!] is used,
			an existing function is silently replaced.
			When the [range] argument is added, the function is
			expected to take care of a range itself.  The range is
			passed as "a:firstline" and "a:lastline".  If [range]
			is excluded, ":{range}call" will call the function for
			each line in the range, with the cursor on the start
			of each line.  See |function-range-example|.
			When the [abort] argument is added, the function will
			abort as soon as an error is detected.
			The last used search pattern and the redo command "."
			will not be changed by the function.

							*:endf* *:endfunction*
:endf[unction]		The end of a function definition.

							*:delf* *:delfunction*
:delf[unction] {name}	Delete function {name}.

							*:retu* *:return*
:retu[rn] [expr]	Return from a function.  When "[expr]" is given, it is
			evaluated and returned as the result of the function.
			If "[expr]" is not given, the number 0 is returned.
			When a function ends without an explicit ":return",
			the number 0 is returned.
			Note that there is no check for unreachable lines,
			thus there is no warning if commands follow ":return".

Inside a function variables can be used.  These are local variables, which
will disappear when the function returns.  Global variables need to be
accessed with "g:".

Example:
>  :function Table(title, ...)
>  :  echohl Title
>  :  echo a:title
>  :  echohl None
>  :  let idx = 1
>  :  while idx <= a:0
>  :    exe "echo a:" . idx
>  :    let idx = idx + 1
>  :  endwhile
>  :  return idx
>  :endfunction

This function can then be called with:
>  let lines = Table("Table", "line1", "line2")
>  let lines = Table("Empty Table")

To return more than one value, pass the name of a global variable:
>  :function Compute(n1, n2, divname)
>  :  if a:n2 == 0
>  :    return "fail"
>  :  endif
>  :  exe "let g:" . a:divname . " = ". a:n1 / a:n2
>  :  return "ok"
>  :endfunction

This function can then be called with:
>  :let success = Compute(13, 1324, "div")
>  :if success == "ok"
>  :  echo div
>  :endif

An alternative is to return a command that can be executed.  This also works
with local variables in a calling function.  Example:
>  :function Foo()
>  :  execute Bar()
>  :  echo "line " . lnum . " column " . col
>  :endfunction
>
>  :function Bar()
>  :  return "let lnum = " . line(".") . " | let col = " . col(".")
>  :endfunction

The names "lnum" and "col" could also be passed as argument to Bar(), to allow
the caller to set the names.

							*:cal* *:call*
:[range]cal[l] {name}([arguments])
		Call a function.  The name of the function and its arguments
		are as specified with |:function|.  Up to 20 arguments can be
		used.
		Without a range and for functions that accept a range, the
		function is called once, with the cursor at the current
		position.
		When a range is given and the function doesn't handle it
		itself, the function is executed for each line in the range,
		with the cursor in the first column of that line.  The cursor
		is left at the last line (possibly moved by the last function
		call).  The arguments are re-evaluated for each line.  Thus
		this works:
						*function-range-example*
>	:function Mynumber(arg)
>	:  echo line(".") . " " . a:arg
>	:endfunction
>	:1,5call Mynumber(getline("."))

		The "a:firstline" and "a:lastline" are defined anyway, they
		can be used to do something different at the start or end of
		the range.

		Example of a function that handles the range itself:

>	:function Cont() range
>	:  execute (a:firstline + 1) . "," . a:lastline . 's/^/\t\\ '
>	:endfunction
>	:4,8call Cont()

		This function inserts the continuation character "\" in front
		of all the lines in the range, except the first one.


The recursiveness of user functions is restricted with the |'maxfuncdepth'|
option.

==============================================================================
6. Commands						*expression-commands*

:let {var-name} = {expr1}				*:let*
			Set internal variable {var-name} to the result of the
			expression {expr1}.  The variable will get the type
			from the {expr}.  if {var-name} didn't exist yet, it
			is created.

:let ${env-name} = {expr1}			*:let-environment* *:let-$*
			Set environment variable {env-name} to the result of
			the expression {expr1}.  The type is always String.

:let @{reg-name} = {expr1}			*:let-register* *:let-@*
			Write the result of the expression {expr1} in register
			{reg-name}.  {reg-name} must be a single letter, and
			must be the name of a writable register (see
			|registers|).  "@@" can be used for the unnamed
			register, "@/" for the search pattern.
			If the result of {expr1} ends in a <CR> or <NL>, the
			register will be linewise, otherwise it will be set to
			characterwise.

:let &{option-name} = {expr1}			*:let-option* *:let-star*
			Set option {option-name} to the result of the
			expression {expr1}.  The type of the option is always
			used.

							*:unlet* *:unl*
:unl[et][!] {var-name} ...
			Remove the internal variable {var-name}.  Several
			variable names can be given, they are all removed.
			With [!] no error message is given for non-existing
			variables.

:if {expr1}						*:if* *:endif* *:en*
:en[dif]		Execute the commands until the next matching ":else"
			or ":endif" if {expr1} evaluates to non-zero.

			From Vim version 4.5 until 5.0, every Ex command in
			between the ":if" and ":endif" is ignored.  These two
			commands were just to allow for future expansions in a
			backwards compatible way.  Nesting was allowed.  Note
			that any ":else" or ":elseif" was ignored, the "else"
			part was not executed either.

			You can use this to remain compatible with older
			versions:
>				:if version >= 500
>				:  version-5-specific-commands
>				:endif

							*:else* *:el*
:el[se]			Execute the commands until the next matching ":else"
			or ":endif" if they previously were not being
			executed.

							*:elseif* *:elsei*
:elsei[f] {expr1}	Short for ":else" ":if", with the addition that there
			is no extra ":endif".

:wh[ile] {expr1}			*:while* *:endwhile* *:wh* *:endw*
:endw[hile]		Repeat the commands between ":while" and ":endwhile",
			as long as {expr1} evaluates to non-zero.
			When an error is detected from a command inside the
			loop, execution continues after the "endwhile".

		NOTE: The ":append" and ":insert" commands don't work properly
		inside a ":while" loop.

							*:continue* *:con*
:con[tinue]		When used inside a ":while", jumps back to the
			":while".

							*:break* *:brea*
:brea[k]		When used inside a ":while", skips to the command
			after the matching ":endwhile".

							*:ec* *:echo*
:ec[ho] {expr1} ..	Echoes each {expr1}, with a space in between and a
			terminating <EOL>.  Also see |:comment|.
			Use "\n" to start a new line.  Use "\r" to move the
			cursor to the first column.
			Cannot be followed by a comment.
			Example:
>		:echo "the value of 'shell' is" &shell

							*:echon*
:echon {expr1} ..	Echoes each {expr1}, without anything added.  Also see
			|:comment|.
			Cannot be followed by a comment.
			Example:
>		:echon "the value of 'shell' is " &shell

			Note the difference between using ":echo", which is a
			Vim command, and ":!echo", which is an external shell
			command:
>		:!echo %		--> filename
			The arguments of ":!" are expanded, see |:_%|.
>		:!echo "%"		--> filename or "filename"
			Like the previous example.  Whether you see the double
			quotes or not depends on your 'shell'.
>		:echo %			--> nothing
			The '%' is an illegal character in an expression.
>		:echo "%"		--> %
			This just echoes the '%' character.
>		:echo expand("%")	--> filename
			This calls the expand() function to expand the '%'.

							*:echoh* *:echohl*
:echoh[l] {name}	Use the highlight group {name} for the following
			":echo[n]" commands.  Example:
>		:echohl WarningMsg | echo "Don't panic!" | echohl None
			Don't forget to set the group back to "None",
			otherwise all following echo's will be highlighted.

							*:exe* *:execute*
:exe[cute] {expr1} ..	Executes the string that results from the evaluation
			of {expr1} as an Ex command.  Multiple arguments are
			concatenated, with a space in between.
			Cannot be followed by a comment.
			Examples:
>		:execute "buffer " nextbuf
>		:ex