intro.txt

MSYS在windows下模拟了一个类unix的终端

the ideas from all these people: They keep Vim alive!


In this documentation there are several references to other versions of Vi:
							*Vi*
Vi	"the original".  Without further remarks this is the version
	of Vi that appeared in Sun OS 4.x.  ":version" returns
	"Version 3.7, 6/7/85".  Sometimes other versions are referred
	to.  Only runs under Unix.  Source code only available with a
	license.  More information on Vi can be found through:
		http://www.vim.org
							*Posix*
Posix	From the IEEE standard 1003.2, Part 2: Shell and utilities.
	Generally known as "Posix".  This is a textual description of
	how Vi is supposed to work.  The version used is a draft from
	beginning 1996, so all remarks are "expected to comply to"
	this.  Anything can change though...
							*Nvi*
Nvi	The "New" Vi.  The version of Vi that comes with BSD 4.4 and
	many free Unix versions.  The version used is 1.79.
	":version" returns "Version 1.79 (10/23/96)".  Source code is
	freely available.
							*Elvis*
Elvis	Another Vi clone, made by Steve Kirkendall.  The version used
	is 2.1, the last official release.  Source code is freely
	available.

==============================================================================
4. Notation						*notation*

When syntax highlighting is used to read this, text that is not typed
literally is often highlighted with the Special group.  These are items in [],
{} and <>, and CTRL-X.

[]		Characters in square brackets are optional.

							*count* *[count]*
[count]		An optional number that may precede the command to multiply
		or iterate the command.  If no number is given, a count of one
		is used, unless otherwise noted.  Note that in this manual the
		[count] is not mentioned in the description of the command,
		but only in the explanation.  This was done to make the
		commands easier to look up.  If the 'showcmd' option is on,
		the (partially) entered count is shown at the bottom of the
		window.  You can use <Del> to erase the last digit (|N<Del>|).

							*[quotex]*
["x]		An optional register designation where text can be stored.
		See |registers|.  The x is a single character between 'a' and
		'z' or 'A' and 'Z' or '"', and in some cases (with the put
		command) between '0' and '9', '%', '#', ':' or '.'. The
		uppercase and lower case letter designate the same register,
		but the lower case letter is used to overwrite the previous
		register contents, while the uppercase letter is used to
		append to the previous register contents. Without the ""x" or
		with """" the stored text is put into the unnamed register.

							*{}*
{}		Curly braces denote parts of the command which must appear,
		but which can take a number of different values.  The
		differences between Vim and Vi are also given in curly braces
		(this will be clear from the context).

							*{char1-char2}*
{char1-char2}	A single character from the range char1 to char2.  For
		example: {a-z} is a lowercase letter.  Multiple ranges may be
		concatenated.  For example, {a-zA-Z0-9} is any alphanumeric
		character.

							*{motion}*
{motion}	A command that moves the cursor.  These are explained in
		|motion.txt|.  Examples:
			w		to start of next word
			4j		four lines down
			/The<CR>	to next occurrence of "The"
		This is used after an |operator| command to move over the text
		that is to be operated upon.
		If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a
		count, the two counts are multiplied.  For example: "2d3w"
		deletes six words.  The motion can also be a mouse click.  The
		mouse is currently only supported for MS-DOS, Win32, Linux
		console with GPM and xterm under Unix.  The ":omap" command
		can be used to map characters while an operator is pending.

							*{Visual}*
{Visual}	A selected text area.  It is started with the "v", "V", or
		CTRL-V command, then any cursor movement command can be used
		to change the end of the selected text.
		This is used before an |operator| command to highlight the
		text that is to be operated upon.
		See |Visual-mode|.

							*<character>*
<character>	A special character from the table below, optionally with
		modifiers, or a single ASCII character with modifiers.

							*'character'*
'c'		A single ASCII character.

							*CTRL-{char}*
CTRL-{char}	{char} typed as a control character; that is, typing {char}
		while holding the CTRL key down.  The case of {char} does not
		matter; thus CTRL-A and CTRL-a are equivalent.  But on some
		terminals, using the SHIFT key will produce another code,
		don't use it then.

							*'option'*
'option'	An option, or parameter, that can be set to a value, is
		enclosed in single quotes.  See |options|.

							*quotecommandquote*
"command"	A reference to a command that you can type is enclosed in
		double quotes.

					*key-notation* *key-codes* *keycodes*
These names for keys are used in the documentation.  They can also be used
with the ":map" command.

notation	meaning		    equivalent	decimal value(s)	~
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
<Nul>		zero			CTRL-@	  0 (stored as 10) *<Nul>*
<BS>		backspace		CTRL-H	  8	*backspace*
<Tab>		tab			CTRL-I	  9	*tab* *Tab*
							*linefeed*
<NL>		linefeed		CTRL-J	 10 (used for <Nul>)
<FF>		formfeed		CTRL-L	 12	*formfeed*
<CR>		carriage return		CTRL-M	 13	*carriage-return*
<Enter>		same as <CR>				*<Enter>*
<Esc>		escape			CTRL-[	 27	*escape* *<Esc>*
<Space>		space				 32	*space*
<lt>		less-then		<	 60	*<lt>*
<Bslash>	backslash		\	 92	*backslash* *<Bslash>*
<Bar>		vertical bar		|	124	*<Bar>*
<Del>		delete				127
<CSI>		command sequence intro  ALT-Esc 155	*<CSI>*
<xCSI>		CSI when typed in the GUI		*<xCSI>*

<EOL>		end-of-line (can be <CR>, <LF> or <CR><LF>,
		depends on system and 'fileformat')	*<EOL>*

<Up>		cursor-up			*cursor-up* *cursor_up*
<Down>		cursor-down			*cursor-down* *cursor_down*
<Left>		cursor-left			*cursor-left* *cursor_left*
<Right>		cursor-right			*cursor-right* *cursor_right*
<S-Up>		shift-cursor-up
<S-Down>	shift-cursor-down
<S-Left>	shift-cursor-left
<S-Right>	shift-cursor-right
<C-Left>	control-cursor-left
<C-Right>	control-cursor-right
<F1> - <F12>	function keys 1 to 12		*function_key* *function-key*
<S-F1> - <S-F12> shift-function keys 1 to 12	*<S-F1>*
<Help>		help key
<Undo>		undo key
<Insert>	insert key
<Home>		home				*home*
<End>		end				*end*
<PageUp>	page-up				*page_up* *page-up*
<PageDown>	page-down			*page_down* *page-down*
<kHome>		keypad home (upper left)	*keypad-home*
<kEnd>		keypad end (lower left)		*keypad-end*
<kPageUp>	keypad page-up (upper right)	*keypad-page-up*
<kPageDown>	keypad page-down (lower right)	*keypad-page-down*
<kPlus>		keypad +			*keypad-plus*
<kMinus>	keypad -			*keypad-minus*
<kMultiply>	keypad *			*keypad-multiply*
<kDivide>	keypad /			*keypad-divide*
<kEnter>	keypad Enter			*keypad-enter*
<S-...>		shift-key			*shift*
<C-...>		control-key			*control* *ctrl*
<M-...>		alt-key or meta-key		*meta* *alt*
<t_xx>		key with "xx" entry in termcap
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Note: The shifted cursor keys, the help key, and the undo key are only
available on a few terminals.  On the Amiga, shifted function key 10 produces
a code (CSI) that is also used by key sequences.  It will be recognized only
after typing another key.

Note: There are two codes for the delete key.  127 is the decimal ASCII value
for the delete key, which is always recognized.  Some delete keys send another
value, in which case this value is obtained from the termcap entry "kD".  Both
values have the same effect.  Also see |:fixdel|.

Note: The keypad keys are used in the same way as the corresponding "normal"
keys.  For example, <kHome> has the same effect as <Home>.  If a keypad key
sends the same raw key code as it non-keypad equivalent, it will be recognized
as the non-keypad code.  For example, when <kHome> sends the same code as
<Home>, when pressing <kHome> Vim will think <Home> was pressed.  Mapping
<kHome> will not work then.

								*<>*
Examples are often given in the <> notation.  Sometimes this is just to make
clear what you need to type, but often it can be typed literally, e.g., with
the ":map" command.  The rules are:
 1.  Any printable characters are typed directly, except backslash and '<'
 2.  A backslash is represented with "\\", double backslash, or "<Bslash>".
 3.  A real '<' is represented with "\<" or "<lt>".  When there is no
     confusion possible, a '<' can be used directly.
 4.  "<key>" means the special key typed.  This is the notation explained in
     the table above.  A few examples:
	   <Esc>		Escape key
	   <C-G>		CTRL-G
	   <Up>			cursor up key
	   <C-LeftMouse>	Control- left mouse click
	   <S-F11>		Shifted function key 11
	   <M-a>		Meta- a  ('a' with bit 8 set)
	   <M-A>		Meta- A  ('A' with bit 8 set)
	   <t_kd>		"kd" termcap entry (cursor down key)

If you want to use the full <> notation in Vim, you have to make sure the '<'
flag is excluded from 'cpoptions' (when 'compatible' is not set, it already is
by default).
>	:set cpo-=<
The <> notation uses <lt> to escape the special meaning of key names.  Using a
backslash also work, but only when 'cpoptions' does not include the 'B' flag.

Examples for using a literal "<Home>" in a mapping:
>	:imap <C-H> \<Home>
>	:imap <C-H> <lt>Home>
The first one only works when the 'B' flag is not in 'cpoptions'.  The second
one always works.
To get a literal "<lt>" in a mapping:
>	:map <C-L> <lt>lt>

For mapping, abbreviation and menu commands you can then copy-paste the
examples and use them directly.  Or type them literally, including the '<' and
'>' characters.  This does NOT work for other commands, like ":set" and
":autocmd"!

==============================================================================
5. Modes, introduction				*vim-modes-intro* *vim-modes*

Vim has six BASIC modes:

					*Normal* *Normal-mode* *command-mode*
Normal mode		In Normal mode you can enter all the normal editor
			commands.  If you start the editor you are in this
			mode (unless you have set the 'insertmode' option,
			see below).  This is also known as command mode.

Visual mode		This is like Normal mode, but the movement commands
			extend a highlighted area.  When a non-movement
			command is used, it is executed for the highlighted
			area.  See |Visual-mode|.
			If the 'showmode' option is on "-- VISUAL --" is shown
			at the bottom of the window.

Select mode		This looks most like the MS-Windows selection mode.
			Typing a printable character deletes the selection
			and starts Insert mode.  See |Select-mode|.