motion.txt

MSYS在windows下模拟了一个类unix的终端

*motion.txt*    For Vim version 5.8.  Last change: 2001 May 18


		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by Bram Moolenaar


Cursor motions					*cursor-motions* *navigation*

These commands move the cursor position.  If the new position is off of the
screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and
'scrolloff' options).

1. Motions and operators	|operator|
2. Left-right motions		|left-right-motions|
3. Up-down motions		|up-down-motions|
4. Word motions			|word-motions|
5. Text object motions		|object-motions|
6. Text object selection	|object-select|
7. Various motions		|various-motions|

==============================================================================
1. motions and operators				*operator*

The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command
operate on the text that was moved over.  That is the text between the cursor
position before and after the motion.  Operators are generally used to delete
or change text.  The following operators are available:

	|c|	c	change
	|d|	d	delete
	|y|	y	yank into register (does not change the text)
	|~|	~	swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set)
	|g~|	g~	swap case
	|gu|	gu	make lower case
	|gU|	gU	make upper case
	|!|	!	filter through an external program
	|=|	=	filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty
	|gq|	gq	text formatting
	|>|	>	shift right
	|<|	<	shift left

If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it,
the two counts are multiplied.  For example: "2d3w" deletes six words.

After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text
that was operated upon.  For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe"
moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started.

						*linewise* *characterwise*
The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start
and end position.  Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines
(are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are
characterwise).  However, there are some exceptions.

A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the start
and end position of the motion are included in the operation.  When exclusive,
the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included.  Linewise
motions always include the start and end position.

Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned below.  There
are however, two general exceptions:
1. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the
   end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion
   becomes inclusive.  Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph,
   but "d}" will not include that line.
2. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the
   start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the
   motion becomes linewise.  Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks
   and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of
   the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks.  If you do a put now, the
   deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position.

Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the
motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used.  See |:omap|.

Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual
mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the
text that is to be affected and then hit the operator.  The text between the
start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will
be operated upon.  This allows much more freedom, but requires more key
strokes and has limited redo functionality.  See the chapter on Visual mode
|Visual-mode|.

If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command
|CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|.  If you set the 'ruler' option,
the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down
Vim a little).

NOTE: Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right
under their fingers.  Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they
do not know what the hjkl keys do.  The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from
looking at the keyboard.  Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards.

==============================================================================
2. Left-right motions					*left-right-motions*

h		or					*h*
<Left>		or					*<Left>*
CTRL-H		or					*CTRL-H* *<BS>*
<BS>			[count] characters to the left (exclusive).
			Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use
			the mapping:
				:map CTRL-V<BS>		X
			(to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed
			by the <BS> key)
			See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you
			want.

l		or					*l*
<Right>		or					*<Right>* *<Space>*
<Space>			[count] characters to the right (exclusive).

							*0*
0			To the first character of the line (exclusive).  When
			moving up or down, stay in same screen column (if
			possible).

							*<Home>* *<kHome>*
<Home>			To the first character of the line (exclusive).  When
			moving up or down, stay in same text column (if
			possible).  Works like "1|", which differs from "0"
			when the line starts with a <Tab>.  {not in Vi}

							*^*
^			To the first non-blank character of the line
			(exclusive).

							*$* *<End>* *<kEnd>*
$  or <End>		To the end of the line and [count - 1] lines downward
			(inclusive).

							*g0* *g<Home>*
g0 or g<Home>		When lines wrap ('wrap on): To the first character of
			the screen line (exclusive).  Differs from "0" when a
			line is wider than the screen.
			When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost
			character of the current line that is on the screen.
			Differs from "0" when the first character of the line
			is not on the screen.  {not in Vi}

							*g^*
g^			When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank
			character of the screen line (exclusive).  Differs
			from "^" when a line is wider than the screen.
			When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost
			non-blank character of the current line that is on the
			screen.  Differs from "^" when the first non-blank
			character of the line is not on the screen.  {not in
			Vi}

							*gm*
gm			Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as
			much as possible). {not in Vi}

							*g$* *g<End>*
g$ or g<End>		When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of
			the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward
			(inclusive).  Differs from "$" when a line is wider
			than the screen.
			When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost
			character of the current line that is visible on the
			screen.  Differs from "$" when the last character of
			the line is not on the screen or when a count is used.
			{not in Vi}

							*bar*
|			To screen column [count] in the current line
			(exclusive).

							*f*
f{char}			To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right.  The
			cursor is placed on {char} (inclusive).

							*F*
F{char}			To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left.
			The cursor is placed on {char} (inclusive).

							*t*
t{char}			Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the
			right.  The cursor is placed on the character left of
			{char} (inclusive).

							*T*
T{char}			Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the
			left.  The cursor is placed on the character right of
			{char} (inclusive).

							*;*
;			Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times.

							*,*
,			Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction
			[count] times.

These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line.
They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which
may move to one of the next lines.  See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the
commands move across line boundaries.

==============================================================================
3. Up-down motions					*up-down-motions*

k		or					*k*
<Up>		or					*<Up>* *CTRL-P*
CTRL-P			[count] lines upward (linewise).

j		or					*j*
<Down>		or					*<Down>*
CTRL-J		or					*CTRL-J*
<NL>		or					*<NL>* *CTRL-N*
CTRL-N			[count] lines downward (linewise).

gk		or					*gk* *g<Up>*
g<Up>			[count] display lines upward (exclusive).  Differs
			from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with an
			operator, because it's not linewise.  {not in Vi}

gj		or					*gj* *g<Down>*
g<Down>			[count] display lines downward (exclusive).  Differs
			from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with an
			operator, because it's not linewise.  {not in Vi}

							*-*
-  <minus>		[count] lines upward, on the first non-blank
			character (linewise).

+		or					*+*
CTRL-M		or					*CTRL-M* *<CR>*
<CR>			[count] lines downward, on the first non-blank
			character (linewise).

							*_*
_  <underscore>		[count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank
			character (linewise).

<C-End>		or					*G* *<C-End>*
G			Goto line [count], default last line, on the first
			non-blank character (linewise).  If 'startofline' not
			set, keep the same column.

<C-Home>	or					*gg* *<C-Home>*
gg			Goto line [count], default first line, on the first
			non-blank character (linewise).  If 'startofline' not
			set, keep the same column.

:[range]		Set the cursor on the (last) specified line number
			(cannot be used with an operator).

							*N%*
{count}%		Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first
			non-blank in the line (linewise).  To compute the new
			line number this formula is used:
			    ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100
			See also 'startofline' option.  {not in Vi}

:[range]go[to] [count]					*:go* *:goto* *go*
[count]go		Go to {count} byte in the buffer.  Default [count] is
			zero, start of the file.  When giving [range], the
			last number in it used.  End-of-line characters are
			counted depending on the current 'fileformat' setting.
			{not in Vi}
			{not available when compiled without the
			|+byte_offset| feature}

These commands move to the specified line.  They stop when reaching the first
or the last line.  The first two commands put the cursor in the same column
(if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column,
except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last
character of the line.

==============================================================================
4. Word motions						*word-motions*

<S-Right>	or					*<S-Right>* *w*
w			[count] words forward (exclusive).

<C-Right>	or					*<C-Right>* *W*
W			[count] WORDS forward (exclusive).

							*e*
e			Forward to the end of word [count] (inclusive).

							*E*
E			Forward to the end of WORD [count] (inclusive).

<S-Left>	or					*<S-Left>* *b*
b			[count] words backward (exclusive).

<C-Left>	or					*<C-Left>* *B*
B			[count] WORDS backward (exclusive).

							*ge*
ge			Backward to the end of word [count] (inclusive).

							*gE*