change.txt

MSYS在windows下模拟了一个类unix的终端

							*gp*
["x]gp			Just like "p", but leave the cursor just after the new
			text.  {not in Vi}

							*gP*
["x]gP			Just like "P", but leave the cursor just after the new
			text.  {not in Vi}

							*:pu* *:put*
:[line]pu[t] [x]	Put the text [from register x] after [line] (default
			current line).  The register can also be '=' followed
			by an optional expression.  The expression continues
			until the end of the command.  You need to escape the
			'|' and '"' characters to prevent them from
			terminating the command.  Example:
>  :put ='path' . \",/test\"
			If there is no expression after '=', Vim uses the
			previous expression.  You can see it with ":dis =".

:[line]pu[t]! [x]	Put the text [from register x] before [line] (default
			current line).

["x]]p		    or					*]p* *]<MiddleMouse>*
["x]]<MiddleMouse>	Like "p", but adjust the indent to the current line.
			Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
			or 'a'.  {not in Vi}

["x][P		    or					*[P*
["x]]P		    or					*]P*
["x][p		    or					*[p* *[<MiddleMouse>*
["x][<MiddleMouse>	Like "P", but adjust the indent to the current line.
			Using the mouse only works when 'mouse' contains 'n'
			or 'a'.  {not in Vi}

You can use these commands to copy text from one place to another.  Do this
by first getting the text into a register with a yank, delete or change
command, then inserting the register contents with a put command.  You can
also use these commands to move text from one file to another, because Vim
preserves all registers when changing buffers (the CTRL-^ command is a quick
way to toggle between two files).

				*linewise-register* *characterwise-register*
You can repeat the put commands with "." (except for :put) and undo them.  If
the command that was used to get the text into the register was linewise, Vim
inserts the text below ("p") or above ("P") the line where the cursor is.
Otherwise Vim inserts the text after ("p") or before ("P") the cursor.  With
the ":put" command, Vim always inserts the text in the next line.  You can
exchange two characters with the command sequence "xp".  You can exchange two
lines with the command sequence "ddp".  You can exchange two words with the
command sequence "deep" (start with the cursor in the blank space before the
first word).  You can use the "']" or "`]" command after the put command to
move the cursor to the end of the inserted text, or use "'[" or "`[" to move
the cursor to the start.

							*blockwise-register*
If you use a blockwise Visual mode command to get the text into the register,
the block of text will be inserted before ("P") or after ("p") the cursor
column in the current and next lines.  Vim makes the whole block of text start
in the same column.  Thus the inserted text looks the same as when it was
yanked or deleted.  Vim may replace some <Tab> characters with spaces to make
this happen.  However, if the width of the block is not a multiple of a <Tab>
width and the text after the inserted block contains <Tab>s, that text may be
misaligned.

Note that after a yank command, Vim leaves the cursor on the first yanked
character that is closest to the start of the buffer.  This means that "yl"
doesn't move the cursor, but "yh" moves the cursor one character left.
Rationale:	In Vi the "y" command followed by a backwards motion would
		sometimes not move the cursor to the first yanked character,
		because redisplaying was skipped.  In Vim it always moves to
		the first character, as specified by Posix.

There are nine types of registers:			*registers*
1. The unnamed register ""
2. 10 numbered registers "0 to "9
3. The small delete register "-
4. 26 named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z
5. four read-only registers ":, "., "% and "#
6. the expression register "=
7. The selection register "*
8. The black hole register "_
9. Last search pattern register "/

1. Unnamed register ""				*quote_quote* *quotequote*
Vim fills this register with text deleted with the "d", "c", "s", "x" commands
or copied with the yank "y" command, regardless of whether or not a specific
register was used (e.g.  "xdd).  An exception is the '_' register: "_dd does
not store the deleted text in any register.  Vim uses the contents of this
register for any put command (p or P) which does not specify a register.
Additionally you can access it with the name '"'.  This means you have to type
two double quotes.  {Vi: register contents are lost when changing files, no
'"'}

2. Numbered registers "0 to "9		*quote_number* *quote0*	*quote1*
					*quote2* *quote3* *quote4* *quote9*
Vim fills these registers with text from yank and delete commands.  Numbered
register 0 contains the text from the most recent yank command, unless the
command specified another register with ["x].  Numbered register 1 contains
the text deleted by the most recent delete or change command, unless the
command specified another register or the text is less than one line (Vim puts
text deleted with "x" or "dw" in the small delete register).  With each
successive deletion or change, Vim shifts the previous contents of register 1
into register 2, 2 into 3, and so forth, losing the previous contents of
register 9.  {Vi: numbered register contents are lost when changing files;
register 0 does not exist}

3. Small delete register "-				*quote_-* *quote-*
This register contains text from commands that delete less than one line,
except when the command specifies a register with ["x].
{not in Vi}

4. Named registers "a to "z or "A to "Z			*quote_alpha* *quotea*
Vim fills these registers only when you say so.  Specify them as lowercase
letters to replace their previous contents or as uppercase letters to append
to their previous contents.

5. Read-only registers ":, "., "% and "#
These are '%', '#', ':' and '.'.  You can use them only with the "p", "P",
and ":put" commands and with CTRL-R.  {not in Vi}
							*quote_.* *quote.*
	".	Contains the last inserted text (the same as what is inserted
		with the insert mode commands CTRL-A and CTRL-@).  Note: this
		doesn't work with CTRL-R on the command-line.  It works a bit
		differently, like inserting the text instead of putting it
		('textwidth' and other options affect what is inserted).
							*quote_%* *quote%*
	"%	Contains the name of the current file.
							*quote_#* *quote#*
	"#	Contains the name of the alternate file.
							*quote_:* *quote:*
	":	Contains the most recent executed command-line.  Example: Use
		"@:" to repeat the previous command-line command.
		The command-line is only stored in this register when at least
		one character of it was typed.  Thus it remains unchanged if
		the command was completely from a mapping.

6. Expression register "=				*quote_=* *quote=*
This is not really a register that stores text, but is a way to use an
expression in commands which use a register.  The expression register is
read-only; you cannot put text into it.  After the '=', the cursor moves to
the command-line, where you can enter any expression (see |expression|).  All
normal command-line editing commands are available, including a special
history for expressions.  When you end the command-line by typing <CR>, Vim
computes the result of the expression.  If you end it with <Esc>, Vim abandons
the expression.  If you do not enter an expression, Vim uses the previous
expression (like with the "/" command).  If the "= register is used for the
"p" command, the string is split up at <NL> characters.  If the string ends in
a <NL>, it is regarded as a linewise register.  {not in Vi}

7. Selection register "*
Use this register for storing and retrieving the selected text for the GUI.
See |quotestar|.  When the clipboard is not available or not working, the
unnamed register is used instead.  {not in Vi}

8. Black hole register "_				*quote_*
When writing to this register, nothing happens.  This can be used to delete
text without affecting the normal registers.  When reading from this register,
nothing is returned.  {not in Vi}

9. Last search pattern register	"/			*quote_/* *quote/*
Contains the most recent search-pattern.  This is used for "n" and 'hlsearch'.
It is read-only.  {not in Vi}

							*@/*
You can write to a register with a ":let" command |:let-@|.  Example:
>	:let @/ = "the"

If you use a put command without specifying a register, Vim uses the register
that was last filled (this is also the contents of the unnamed register).  If
you are confused, use the ":dis" command to find out what Vim will put (this
command displays all named and numbered registers; the unnamed register is
labelled '"').

The next three commands always work on whole lines.

:[range]co[py] {address}				*:co* *:copy*
			Copy the lines given by [range] to below the line
			given by {address}.

							*:t*
:t			Synonym for copy.

:[range]m[ove] {address}				*:m* *:mo* *:move*
			Move the lines given by [range] to below the line
			given by {address}.

==============================================================================
6. Formatting text					*formatting*

:[range]ce[nter] [width]				*:ce* *:center*
			Center lines in [range] between [width] columns
			(default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0).
			{not in Vi}
			Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
			compile time.

:[range]ri[ght] [width]					*:ri* *:right*
			Right-align lines in [range] at [width] columns
			(default 'textwidth' or 80 when 'textwidth' is 0).
			{not in Vi}
			Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
			compile time.

							*:le* *:left*
:[range]le[ft] [indent]	Left-align lines in [range].  Sets the indent in the
			lines to [indent] (default 0).  {not in Vi}
			Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
			compile time.

							*gq*
gq{motion}		Format the lines that {motion} moves over.  The
			'textwidth' option controls the length of each
			formatted line (see below).  If the 'textwidth' option
			is 0, the formatted line length is the screen width
			(with a maximum width of 79).  {not in Vi}
			The 'formatoptions' option controls the type of
			formatting |fo-table|.
			NOTE: The "Q" command formerly performed this
			function.  If you still want to use "Q" for
			formatting, use this mapping:
>				:nnoremap Q gq

gqgq							*gqgq* *gqq*
gqq			Format the current line.  {not in Vi}

							*v_gq*
{Visual}gq		Format the highlighted text.  (for {Visual} see
			|Visual-mode|).  {not in Vi}

Example: To format the current paragraph use
>	gqap

The "gq" command leaves the cursor in the line where the motion command takes
the cursor.  This allows you to repeat formatting repeated with ".".  This
works well with "gqj" (format current and next line) and "gq}" (format until
end of paragraph).  Note: When 'formatprg' is set, "gq" leaves the cursor on
the first formatted line (as with using a filter command).

If the 'autoindent' option is on, Vim uses the indent of the first line for
the following lines.

Formatting does not change empty lines (but it does change lines with only
white space!).

The 'joinspaces' option is used when lines are joined together.

You can set the 'formatprg' option to the name of an external program for Vim
to use for text formatting.  The 'textwidth' and other options have no effect
on formatting by an external program.

							*right-justify*
There is no command in Vim to right justify text.  You can do it with
an external command, like "par" (e.g.: "!}par" to format until the end of the
paragraph) or set 'formatprg' to "par".

							*format-comments*
Vim can format comments in a special way.  Vim recognizes a comment by a
specific string at the start of the line (ignoring white space).  Three types
of comments can be used:

- A comment string that repeats at the start of each line.  An example is the
  type of comment used in shell scripts, starting with "#".
- A comment string that occurs only in the first line, not in the following
  lines.  An example is this list with dashes.
- Three-piece comments that have a start string, an end string, and optional
  lines in between.  The strings for the start, middle and end are different.
  An example is the C-style comment:
	/*
	 * this is a C comment
	 */

The 'comments' option is a comma-separated list of parts.  Each part defines a
type of comment string.  A part consists of:
	{flags}:{string}

{string} is the literal text that must appear.

{flags}:
  n	Nested comment.  Nesting with mixed parts is allowed.  If 'comments'
	is "n:),n:>" a line starting with "> ) >" is a comment.

  b	Blank (<Space>, <Tab> or <EOL>) required after {string}.

  f	Only the first line has the comment string.  Do not repeat comment on
	the next line, but preserve indentation (e.g., a bullet-list).

  s	Start of three-piece comment

  m	Middle of a three-piece comment

  e	End of a three-piece comment

  l	Left adjust middle with start or end (default).  Only recognized when
	used together with 's' or 'e'.

  r	Right adjust middle with start or end.  Only recognized when used
	together with 's' or 'e'.

  x	Allows three-piece comments to be ended by just typing the last
	character of the end-comment string as the first character on a new
	line, when the middle-comment string has already been inserted
	automatically.  See below for more details.

  {digits}
	When together with 's' or 'e': add extra indent for the middle part.
	This can be used to left-align the middle part with the start or end
	and then add an offset.

  -{digits}
	Like {digits} but reduce the indent.  This only works when there is
	some indent for the start or end part that can be removed.

When a string has none of the 'f', 's', 'm' or 'e' flags, Vim assumes the
comment string repeats at the start of each line.  The flags field may be
empty.

Any blank space in the text before and after the {string} is part of the
{string}, so do not include leading or trailing blanks unless the blanks are a
required part of the comment string.

When one comment leader is part of another, specify the part after the whole.
For example, to include both "-" and "->", use
>	:set comments=f:->,f:-

A three-piece comment must always be given as start,middle,end, with no other
parts in between.  An example of a three-piece comment is
>	sr:/*,mb:*,ex:*/
for C-comments.  To avoid recognizing "*ptr" as a comment, the middle string
includes the 'b' flag.  For three-piece comments, Vim checks the text after
the start and middle strings for the end string.  If Vim finds the end string,
the comment does not continue on the next line.  Three-piece comments must
have a middle string because otherwise Vim can't recognize the middle lines.

Notice the use of the "x" flag in the above three-piece comment definition.
When you hit Return in a C-comment, Vim will insert the middle comment leader
for the new line, eg " * ".  To close this comment you just have to type "/"
before typing anything else on the new line.  This will replace the
middle-comment leader with the end-comment leader, leaving just " */".  There
is no need to hit BackSpace first.

Examples:
>  "b:*"	Includes lines starting with "*", but not if the "*" is
>		followed by a non-blank.  This avoids a pointer dereference
>		like "*str" to be recognized as a comment.
>  "n:>"	Includes a line starting with ">", ">>", ">>>", etc.
>  "fb:-"	Format a list that starts with "- ".

By default, "b:#" is included.  This means that a line that starts with
"#include" is not recognized as a comment line.  But a line that starts with
"# define" is recognized.  This is a compromise.

Often the alignment can be changed from right alignment to a left alignment
with an additional space.  For example, for Javadoc comments, this can be
used (insert a backslash before the space when using ":set"):
>	s1:/*,mb:*,ex:*/
Note that an offset is included with start, so that the middle part is left
aligned with the start and then an offset of one character added.  This makes
it possible to left align the start and middle for this construction:
>   /**
>    * comment
>    */

{not available when compiled without the |+comments| feature}

							*fo-table*
You can use the 'formatoptions' option  to influence how Vim formats text.