help.txt

MSYS在windows下模拟了一个类unix的终端

*help.txt*	For Vim version 5.8.  Last change: 2000 Jan 01

			VIM - main help file
									 k
      Move around:  Use the cursor keys, or "h" to go left,	       h   l
		    "j" to go down, "k" to go up, "l" to go right.	 j
Close this window:  Use ":q<Enter>".
   Get out of Vim:  Use ":qa!<Enter>" (careful, all changes are lost!).
Jump to a subject:  Position the cursor on a tag between |bars| and hit CTRL-].
   With the mouse:  ":set mouse=a" to enable the mouse (in xterm or GUI).
		    Double-click the left mouse button on a tag between |bars|.
	jump back:  Type CTRL-T or CTRL-O.
Get specific help:  It is possible to go directly to whatever you want help
		    on, by giving an argument to the ":help" command |:help|.
		    It is possible to further specify the context:
			  WHAT			PREPEND    EXAMPLE	~
		      Normal mode commands     (nothing)   :help x
		      Visual mode commands	  v_	   :help v_u
		      Insert mode commands	  i_	   :help i_<Esc>
		      Command-line commands	  :	   :help :quit
		      Command-line editing	  c_	   :help c_<Del>
		      Vim command arguments	  -	   :help -r
		      options			  '	   :help 'textwidth'
  Search for help:  Type ":help word", then hit CTRL-D to see matching
		    help entries for "word".

VIM stands for Vi IMproved.  Most of VIM was made by Bram Moolenaar, but only
through the help of a lot of people.  See |credits|.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 tag	  subject			 tag	  subject	~
							 *quickref* *Contents*
|X_ct|  detailed help files		|X_re|	Repeating commands
|X_lr|	motion: Left-right		|X_km|	Key mapping
|X_ud|	motion: Up-down			|X_ab|	Abbreviations
|X_tm|	motion: Text object		|X_op|	Options
|X_pa|	motion: Pattern searches	|X_ur|	Undo/Redo commands
|X_ma|	motion: Marks			|X_et|	External commands
|X_vm|	motion: Various			|X_qf|	Quickfix commands
|X_ta|	motion: Using tags		|X_vc|	Various commands
|X_sc|	Scrolling			|X_ce|	Ex: Command-line editing
|X_in|	insert: Inserting text		|X_ra|	Ex: Ranges
|X_ai|	insert: Keys			|X_ex|	Ex: Special characters
|X_ss|	insert: Special keys		|X_ed|	Editing a file
|X_di|	insert: Digraphs		|X_fl|	Using the argument list
|X_si|	insert: Special inserts		|X_wq|	Writing and quitting
|X_de|	change: Deleting text		|X_st|	Starting VIM
|X_cm|	change: Copying and moving	|X_ac|	Automatic commands
|X_ch|	change: Changing text		|X_wi|	Multi-window functions
|X_co|	change: Complex			|X_bu|	Buffer list functions
|X_vi|	Visual mode			|X_sy|	Syntax highlighting
|X_to|	Text objects			|X_gu|	GUI commands

|tutor|		30 minutes training course for beginners
|copying|	About copyrights and Uganda
|www|		Vim on the World Wide Web
|bugs|		Where to send bug reports
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Detailed documentation files:			*doc-file-list* *X_ct*

General subjects ~
|intro.txt|	general introduction to Vim; notation used in help files
|help.txt|	overview and quick reference (this file)
|index.txt|	alphabetical index of all commands
|help-tags|	all the tags you can jump to (index of tags)
|howto.txt|	how to do the most common editing tasks
|tips.txt|	various tips on using Vim
|message.txt|	(error) messages and explanations
|quotes.txt|	remarks from users of Vim
|todo.txt|	known problems and desired extensions
|develop.txt|	development of Vim
|uganda.txt|	Vim distribution conditions and what to do with your money

Basic editing ~
|starting.txt|	starting Vim, Vim command arguments, initialisation
|editing.txt|	editing and writing files
|motion.txt|	commands for moving around
|scroll.txt|	scrolling the text in the window
|insert.txt|	Insert and Replace mode
|change.txt|	deleting and replacing text
|undo.txt|	Undo and Redo
|repeat.txt|	repeating commands
|visual.txt|	using the Visual mode (selecting a text area)
|various.txt|	various remaining commands
|recover.txt|	recovering from a crash

Advanced editing ~
|cmdline.txt|	Command-line editing
|options.txt|	description of all options
|pattern.txt|	regexp patterns and search commands
|map.txt|	key mapping and abbreviations
|tagsearch.txt|	tags and special searches
|quickfix.txt|	commands for a quick edit-compile-fix cycle
|windows.txt|	commands for using multiple windows and buffers
|syntax.txt|	syntax highlighting
|autocmd.txt|	automatically executing commands on an event
|eval.txt|	expression evaluation, conditional commands

Special issues ~
|term.txt|	using different terminals and mice
|digraph.txt|	list of available digraphs
|multibyte.txt|	multi-byte text support
|farsi.txt|	Farsi (Persian) editing
|hangulin.txt|	Hangul (Korean) input mode
|rightleft.txt|	right-to-left editing

GUI ~
|gui.txt|	Graphical User Interface (GUI)
|gui_w32.txt|	Win32 GUI
|gui_x11.txt|	X11 GUI

Interfaces ~
|if_cscope.txt|	using cscope with Vim
|if_perl.txt|	Perl interface
|if_python.txt|	Python interface
|if_sniff.txt|	SNiFF+ interface
|if_tcl.txt|	Tcl interface
|if_ole.txt|	OLE automation interface for Win32

Versions ~
|vi_diff.txt|	main differences between Vim and Vi
|version4.txt|	differences between Vim version 3.0 and 4.x
|version5.txt|	differences between Vim version 4.6 and 5.x
						*sys-file-list*
Remarks about specific systems ~
|os_amiga.txt|	Amiga
|os_beos.txt|	BeOS and BeBox
|os_dos.txt|	MS-DOS and MS-Windows NT/95 common items
|os_mac.txt|	Macintosh
|os_mint.txt|	Atari MiNT
|os_msdos.txt|	MS-DOS (plain DOS and DOS box under Windows)
|os_os2.txt|	OS/2
|os_riscos.txt|	RISC-OS
|os_unix.txt|	Unix
|os_vms.txt|	VMS
|os_win32.txt|	MS-Windows 95/98/NT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N is used to indicate an optional count that can be given before the command.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*X_lr*		Left-right motions

|h|	N  h		left (also: CTRL-H, <BS>, or <Left> key)
|l|	N  l		right (also: <Space> or <Right> key)
|0|	   0		to first character in the line (also: <Home> key)
|^|	   ^		to first non-blank character in the line
|$|	N  $		to the last character in the line (N-1 lines lower)
			   (also: <End> key)
|g0|	N  g0		to first character in screen line (differs from "0"
			   when lines wrap)
|g^|	N  g^		to first non-blank character in screen line (differs
			   from "^" when lines wrap)
|g$|	N  g$		to last character in screen line (differs from "$"
			   when lines wrap)
|gm|	N  gm		to middle of the screen line
|bar|	N  |		to column N (default: 1)
|f|	N  f{char}	to the Nth occurrence of {char} to the right
|F|	N  F{char}	to the Nth occurrence of {char} to the left
|t|	N  t{char}	till before the Nth occurrence of {char} to the right
|T|	N  T{char}	till before the Nth occurrence of {char} to the left
|;|	N  ;		repeat the last "f", "F", "t", or "T" N times
|,|	N  ,		repeat the last "f", "F", "t", or "T" N times in
			   opposite direction
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*X_ud*		Up-down motions

|k|	N  k		up N lines (also: CTRL-P and <Up>)
|j|	N  j		down N lines (also: CTRL-J, CTRL-N, <NL>, and <Down>)
|-|	N  -		up N lines, on the first non-blank character
|+|	N  +		down N lines, on the first non-blank character (also:
			   CTRL-M and <CR>)
|_|	N  _		down N-1 lines, on the first non-blank character
|G|	N  G		goto line N (default: last line), on the first
			   non-blank character
|gg|	N  gg		goto line N (default: first line), on the first
			   non-blank character
|N%|	N  %		goto line N percentage down in the file.  N must be
			   given, otherwise it is the |%| command.
|gk|	N  gk		up N screen lines (differs from "k" when line wraps)
|gj|	N  gj		down N screen lines (differs from "j" when line wraps)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*X_tm*		Text object motions

|w|	N  w		N words forward
|W|	N  W		N blank-separated WORDS forward
|e|	N  e		forward to the end of the Nth word
|E|	N  E		forward to the end of the Nth blank-separated WORD
|b|	N  b		N words backward
|B|	N  B		N blank-separated WORDS backward
|ge|	N  ge		backward to the end of the Nth word
|gE|	N  gE		backward to the end of the Nth blank-separated WORD

|)|	N  )		N sentences forward
|(|	N  (		N sentences backward
|}|	N  }		N paragraphs forward
|{|	N  {		N paragraphs backward
|]]|	N  ]]		N sections forward, at start of section
|[[|	N  [[		N sections backward, at start of section
|][|	N  ][		N sections forward, at end of section
|[]|	N  []		N sections backward, at end of section
|[(|	N  [(		N times back to unclosed '('
|[{|	N  [{		N times back to unclosed '{'
|[m|	N  [m		N times back to start method (for Java)
|])|	N  ])		N times forward to unclosed ')'
|]}|	N  ]}		N times forward to unclosed '}'
|]m|	N  ]m		N times forward to end method (for Java)
|[#|	N  [#		N times back to unclosed "#if" or "#else"
|]#|	N  ]#		N times forward to unclosed "#else" or "#endif"
|[star|	N  [*		N times back to start of comment "/*"
|]star|	N  ]*		N times forward to end of comment "*/"
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*X_pa*		Pattern searches

|/|	N  /{pattern}[/[offset]]<CR>
			search forward for the Nth occurrence of {pattern}
|?|	N  ?{pattern}[?[offset]]<CR>
			search backward for the Nth occurrence of {pattern}
|/<CR>|	N  /<CR>	repeat last search, in the forward direction
|?<CR>|	N  ?<CR>	repeat last search, in the backward direction
|n|	N  n		repeat last search
|N|	N  N		repeat last search, in opposite direction
|star|	N  *		search forward for the identifier under the cursor
|#|	N  #		search backward for the identifier under the cursor
|gstar|	N  g*		like "*", but also find partial matches
|g#|	N  g#		like "#", but also find partial matches
|gd|	   gd		goto local declaration of identifier under the cursor
|gD|	   gD		goto global declaration of identifier under the cursor

|pattern|		Special characters in search patterns

			meaning		      magic   nomagic	~
		matches any single character	.	\.
		       matches start of line	^	^
			       matches <EOL>	$	$
		       matches start of word	\<	\<
			 matches end of word	\>	\>
	matches a single char from the range	[a-z]	\[a-z]
      matches a single char not in the range	[^a-z]	\[^a-z]
		  matches an identifier char	\i	\i
		   idem but excluding digits	\I	\I
		 matches a keyword character	\k	\k
		   idem but excluding digits	\K	\K
	       matches a file name character	\f	\f
		   idem but excluding digits	\F	\F
	       matches a printable character	\p	\p
		   idem but excluding digits	\P	\P
	     matches a white space character	\s	\s
	 matches a non-white space character	\S	\S

			       matches <Esc>	\e	\e
			       matches <Tab>	\t	\t
				matches <CR>	\r	\r
				matches <BS>	\b	\b

     matches 0 or more of the preceding atom	*	\*
     matches 1 or more of the preceding atom	\+	\+
	matches 0 or 1 of the preceding atom	\=	\=
		      separates two branches	\|	\|
		group a pattern into an atom	\(\)	\(\)

|search-offset|		Offsets allowed after search command

    [num]	[num] lines downwards, in column 1
    +[num]	[num] lines downwards, in column 1
    -[num]	[num] lines upwards, in column 1
    e[+num]	[num] characters to the right of the end of the match
    e[-num]	[num] characters to the left of the end of the match
    s[+num]	[num] characters to the right of the start of the match
    s[-num]	[num] characters to the left of the start of the match
    b[+num]	[num] characters to the right of the start (begin) of the match
    b[-num]	[num] characters to the left of the start (begin) of the match
    ;{search-command}	execute {search-command} next
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*X_ma*		Marks and motions

|m|	   m{a-zA-Z}	mark current position with mark {a-zA-Z}
|`a|	   `{a-z}	go to mark {a-z} within current file
|`A|	   `{A-Z}	go to mark {A-Z} in any file
|`0|	   `{0-9}	go to the position where Vim was previously exited
|``|	   ``		go to the position before the last jump
|`quote|   `"		go to the position when last editing this file
|`[|	   `[		go to the start of the previously operated or put text
|`]|	   `]		go to the end of the previously operated or put text
|`<|	   `<		go to the start of the (previous) Visual area
|`>|	   `>		go to the end of the (previous) Visual area
|'|	   '{a-zA-Z0-9[]'"<>}
			same as `, but on the first non-blank in the line
|:marks|  :marks	print the active marks
|CTRL-O|  N  CTRL-O	go to Nth older position in jump list
|CTRL-I|  N  CTRL-I	go to Nth newer position in jump list
|:ju|	  :ju[mps]	print the jump list
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*X_vm*		Various motions

|%|	   %		find the next brace, bracket, comment, or "#if"/
			   "#else"/"#endif" in this line and go to its match
|H|	N  H		go to the Nth line in the window, on the first
			   non-blank
|M|	   M		go to the middle line in the window, on the first
			   non-blank
|L|	N  L		go to the Nth line from the bottom, on the first
			   non-blank

|go|	N  go			go to Nth byte in the buffer
|:go|	:[range]go[to] [off]	go to [off] byte in the buffer
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*X_ta*		Using tags

|:ta|	   :ta[g][!] {tag}	Jump to tag {tag}
|:ta|	   :[count]ta[g][!]	Jump to [count]'th newer tag in tag list
|CTRL-]|      CTRL-]		Jump to the tag under cursor, unless changes
				   have been made
|:ts|	   :ts[elect][!] [tag]	List matching tags and select one to jump to
|:tjump|   :tj[ump][!] [tag]	Jump to tag [tag] or select from list when
				   there are multiple matches

|:tags|	   :tags		Print tag list
|CTRL-T|   N  CTRL-T		Jump back from Nth older tag in tag list
|:po|	   :[count]po[p][!]	Jump back from [count]'th older tag in tag list
|:tnext|   :[count]tn[ext][!]	Jump to [count]'th next matching tag
|:tp|      :[count]tp[revious][!] Jump to [count]'th previous matching tag
|:tr|	   :[count]tr[ewind][!] Jump to [count]'th matching tag
|:tl|	   :tl[ast][!]		Jump to last matching tag

|:ptag|	   :pt[ag] {tag}	open a preview window to show tag {tag}
|CTRL-W_}|     CTRL-W }		like CTRL-] but show tag in preview window
|:pts|     :pts[elect]		like ":tselect" but show tag in preview window