map.txt

MSYS在windows下模拟了一个类unix的终端

and ^[ is <Esc>)

You type:   ab esc ^V^V^V^V^V^[

	All keyboard input is subjected to ^V quote interpretation, so
	the first, third, and fifth ^V  characters simply allow the second,
	and fourth ^Vs, and the ^[, to be entered into the command-line.

You see:    ab esc ^V^V^[

	The command-line contains two actual ^Vs before the ^[.  This is
	how it should appear in your .exrc file, if you choose to go that
	route.  The first ^V is there to quote the second ^V; the :ab
	command uses ^V as its own quote character, so you can include quoted
	whitespace or the | character in the abbreviation.   The :ab command
	doesn't do anything special with the ^[ character, so it doesn't need
	to be quoted.  (Although quoting isn't harmful; that's why typing 7
	[but not 8!] ^Vs works.)

Stored as:  esc     ^V^[

	After parsing, the abbreviation's short form ("esc") and long form
	(the two characters "^V^[") are stored in the abbreviation table.
	If you give the :ab command with no arguments, this is how the
	abbreviation will be displayed.

	Later, when the abbreviation is expanded because the user typed in
	the word "esc", the long form is subjected to the same type of
	^V interpretation as keyboard input.  So the ^V protects the ^[
	character from being interpreted as the "exit input-mode" character.
	Instead, the ^[ is inserted into the text.

Expands to: ^[

[example given by Steve Kirkendall]

==============================================================================
3. User-defined commands				*user-commands*

It is possible to define your own ex commands. A user-defined command can act
just like a built-in command (it can have a range or arguments, arguments can
be completed as filenames or buffer names, etc), except that when the command
is executed, it is transformed into a normal ex command and then executed.

All user defined commands must start with an uppercase letter, to avoid
confusion with builtin commands. (There are a few builtin commands, notably
:Next, :Print and :X, which do start with an uppercase letter.  The builtin
will always take precedence in these cases).  The other characters of the user
command can be uppercase letters, lowercase letters or digits.  When using
digits, note that other commands that take a numeric argument may become
ambiguous.  For example, the command ":Cc2" could be the user command ":Cc2"
without an argument, or the command ":Cc" with argument "2".  It is advised to
put a space between the command name and the argument to avoid these problems.

When using a user-defined command, the command can be abbreviated. However, if
an abbreviation is not unique, an error will be issued. Furthermore, a
built-in command will always take precedence.

Example:
>	:command Rename ...
>	:command Renumber ...
>	:Rena				" Means "Rename"
>	:Renu				" Means "Renumber"
>	:Ren				" Error - ambiguous
>	:command Paste ...
>	:P				" The built-in :Print

It is recommended that full names for user-defined commands are used in
scripts.

:com[mand]						*:com* *:command*
			List all user-defined commands. When listing commands,
			the characters in the first two columns are
			    !	Command has the -bang attribute
			    "	Command has the -register attribute
			(see below for details on attributes)

:com[mand] {cmd}	List the user-defined commands that start with {cmd}

:com[mand][!] [{attr}...] {cmd} {rep}
			Define a user command.  The name of the command is
			{cmd} and its replacement text is {rep}. The command's
			attributes (see below) are {attr}. If the command
			already exists, an error is reported, unless a ! is
			specified, in which case the command is redefined.

:delc[ommand] {cmd}					*:delc* *:delcommand*
			Delete the user-defined command {cmd}.

:comc[lear]						*:comc* *:comclear*
			Delete all user-defined commands.

Command attributes

User-defined commands are treated by Vim just like any other ex commands. They
can have arguments, or have a range specified. Arguments are subject to
completion as filenames, buffers, etc. Exactly how this works depends upon the
command's attributes, which are specified when the command is defined.

There are a number of attributes, split into four categories: argument
handling, completion behavior, range handling, and special cases. The
attributes are described below, by category.

Argument handling

By default, a user defined command will take no arguments (and an error is
reported if any are supplied). However, it is possible to specify that the
command can take arguments, using the -nargs attribute. Valid cases are:

	-nargs=0    No arguments are allowed (the default)
	-nargs=1    Exactly one argument is required
	-nargs=*    Any number of arguments are allowed (0, 1, or many)
	-nargs=?    0 or 1 arguments are allowed
	-nargs=+    Arguments must be supplied, but any number are allowed

Arguments are considered to be separated by (unescaped) spaces in this
context.

Completion behavior

By default, the arguments of user defined commands do not undergo completion.
However, by specifying one or the other of the following attributes, argument
completion can be enabled:

	-complete=augroup	autocmd groups
	-complete=buffer	buffer names
	-complete=command	Ex command (and arguments)
	-complete=dir		directory names
	-complete=event		autocommand events
	-complete=file		file and directory names
	-complete=help		help subjects
	-complete=highlight	highlight groups
	-complete=menu		menus
	-complete=option	options
	-complete=tag		tags
	-complete=tag_listfiles	tags, file names are shown when CTRL-D is hit
	-complete=var		user variables

Range handling

By default, user-defined commands do not accept a line number range. However,
it is possible to specify that the command does take a range (the -range
attribute), or that it takes an arbitrary count value, either in the line
number position (-range=N, like the |:split| command) or as a "count"
argument (-count=N, like the |:Next| command). Possible attributes are:

	-range	    Range allowed, default is current line
	-range=%    Range allowed, default is whole file (1,$)
	-range=N    A count (default N) which is specified in the line
		    number position (like |:split|)
	-count=N    A count (default N) which is specified either in the line
		    number position, or as an initial argument (like |:Next|)
		    Specifying -count (without a default) acts like -count=0

Note that -range=N and -count=N are mutually exclusive - only one should be
specified.

Special cases

There are some special cases as well:

	-bang	    The command can take a ! modifier (like :q or :w)
	-register   The first argument to the command can be an optional
		    register name (like :del, :put, :yank).

In the cases of the -count and -register attributes, if the optional argument
is supplied, it is removed from the argument list and is available to the
replacement text separately.

Replacement text

The replacement text for a user defined command is scanned for special escape
sequences, using <...> notation. Escape sequences are replaced with values
from the entered command line, and all other text is copied unchanged. The
resulting string is executed as an Ex command. If the initial < of an escape
sequence is preceded by a backslash, the sequence is copied unchanged.

The valid escape sequences are

						*<line1>*
	<line1>	The starting line of the command range.
						*<line2>*
	<line2>	The final line of the command range.
						*<count>*
	<count>	Any count supplied (as described for the '-range'
		and '-count' attributes).
						*<bang>*
	<bang>	(See the '-bang' attribute) Expands to a ! if the
		command was executed with a ! modifier, otherwise
		expands to nothing.
						*<reg>* *<register>*
	<reg>	(See the '-register' attribute) The optional register,
		if specified. Otherwise, expands to nothing. <register>
		is a synonym for this.
						*<args>*
	<args>	The command arguments, exactly as supplied (but as
		noted above, any count or register can consume some
		of the arguments, which are then not part of <args>).
	<lt>	A single '<' (Less-Then) character.  This is needed if you
		want to get a literal copy of one of these escape sequences
		into the expansion - for example, to get <bang>, use
		<lt>bang>.

If the first two characters of an escape sequence are "q-" (for example,
<q-args>) then the value is quoted in such a way as to make it a valid value
for use in an expression.  This uses the argument as one single value.

To allow commands to pass their arguments on to a user-defined function, there
is a special form <f-args> ("function args"). This splits the command
arguments at spaces, quotes each argument individually, and the <f-args>
sequence is replaced by the comma-separated list of quoted arguments.  See the
Mycmd example below.  When there is no argument, <f-args> also has no
argument.

Examples

>   " Delete everything after here to the end
>   :com Ddel +,$d

>   " Rename the current buffer
>   :com -nargs=1 -bang -complete=file Ren f <args>|w<bang>

>   " Replace a range with the contents of a file
>   " (Enter this all as one line)
>   :com -range -nargs=1 -complete=file
>	 Replace <line1>-pu_|<line1>,<line2>d|r <args>|<line1>d

>   " Count the number of lines in the range
>   com! -range -nargs=0 Lines :echo <line2> - <line1> + 1 "lines"

>   " Call a user function (example of <f-args>)
>   :com -nargs=* Mycmd call Myfunc(<f-args>)

When executed as:
>	:Mycmd arg1 arg2
This will invoke:
>	:call Myfunc("arg1","arg2")

>   " A more substantial example
>   :function Allargs(command)
>   :	let i = 0
>   :	while i < argc()
>   :	   if filereadable(argv(i))
>   :        execute "e " . argv(i)
>   :	     execute a:command
>   :      endif
>   :      let i = i + 1
>   :   endwhile
>   :endfunction
>   :command -nargs=+ -complete=command Allargs call Allargs(<q-args>)

The command Allargs takes any Vim command(s) as argument and executes it on all
files in the argument list.  Usage example (note use of the "e" flag to ignore
errors and the "update" command to write modified buffers):
>	:Allargs %s/foo/bar/ge|update
This will invoke:
>	:call Allargs("%s/foo/bar/ge|update")

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