multibyte.txt

MSYS在windows下模拟了一个类unix的终端

  found at: ftp://ftp.sra.co.jp/pub/x11/kinput2/

  For Chinese, there's a great XIM server named "xcin", you can input both
  Traditional and Simplified Chinese characters.  And it can accept other
  locale if you make a correct input table.  Xcin can be found at:
  http://xcin.linux.org.tw/

- Conversion Server
							*conversion-server*
  Some system needs additional server: conversion server.  Most of Japanese
  |IM-server|s need it, Kana-Kanji conversion server.  For Chinese inputting,
  it depends on the method of inputting, in some methods, PinYin or ZhuYin to
  HanZi conversion server is needed.  For Korean inputting, if you want to
  input Hanja, Hangul-Hanja conversion server is needed.

  For example, the Japanese inputting process is divided into 2 steps.  First
  we pre-input Hira-gana, second Kana-Kanji conversion.  There are so many
  Kanji characters (6349 Kanji characters are defined in JIS X 0208) and the
  number of Hira-gana characters are 76.  So, first, we pre-input text as
  pronounced in Hira-gana, second, we convert Hira-gana to Kanji or Kata-Kana,
  if needed.  There are some Kana-Kanji conversion server: jserver
  (distributed with Wnn, see below) and canna. Canna can be found at:
  ftp://ftp.nec.co.jp/pub/Canna/

There is a good input system: Wnn4.2.  Wnn 4.2 contains,
    xwnmo (|multilingualized| |IM-server|)
    jserver (Japanese Kana-Kanji conversion server)
    cserver (Chinese PinYin or ZhuYin to simplified HanZi conversion server)
    tserver (Chinese PinYin or ZhuYin to traditional HanZi conversion server)
    kserver (Hangul-Hanja conversion server)
Wnn 4.2 can be found at:
    ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.ORG/pub/FreeBSD/ports/distfiles/Wnn4.2.tar.gz


- Input Style
							*xim-input-style*
  When inputting CJK, there needs four areas.

      1. The area to perform display of input in the midst
      2. The area to display input mode.
      3. The area to display the next candidate for the selection.
      4. The area to display other tools.

  The third area is needed when converting.  For example, in Japanese
  inputting, multiple Kanji characters could have the same pronunciation, so
  a sequence of Hira-gana characters could map to a distinct sequence of Kanji
  characters.

  The first and second areas are defined in international input of X with the
  names of "Preedit Area", "Status Area" respectively.  The third and fourth
  areas are not defined and are left to be managed by the |IM-server|.  In the
  international input, four input styles have been defined using combinations
  of Preedit Area and Status Area: |OnTheSpot|, |OffTheSpot|, |OverTheSpot|
  and |Root|.

  Currently, GUI Vim support three style, |OverTheSpot|, |OffTheSpot| and
  |Root|.

*.  on-the-spot						*OnTheSpot*
    Preedit Area and Status Area are performed by the client application in
    the area of application.  The client application is directed by the
    |IM-server| to display all pre-edit data at the location of text
    insertion. The client registers callbacks invoked by the input method
    during pre-editing.
*.  over-the-spot					*OverTheSpot*
    Status Area is created in a fixed position within the area of application,
    in case of Vim, the position is the additional status line.  Preedit Area
    is made at present input position of application.  The input method
    displays pre-edit data in a window which it brings up directly over the
    text insertion position.
*.  off-the-spot					*OffTheSpot*
    Preedit Area and Status Area are performed in the area of application, in
    case of Vim, the area is additional status line.  The client application
    provides display windows for the pre-edit data to the input method which
    displays into them directly.
*.  root-window						*Root*
    Preedit Area and Status Area are performed outside of the area of
    application.  The input method displays all pre-edit data in a separate
    area of the screen in a window specific to the input method.


LOCALIZATION, INTERNATIONALIZATION AND MULTILINGUALIZATION

					*localized* *Localization* *L10N*
Localization (L10N)		To fit a system or an application with a
				specific language.
			    *internationalized* *Internationalization* *I18N*
Internationalization (I18N)	To enable a system or an application to fit
				with a specific language according to the
				|locale|.
			    *multilingualized* *Multilingualization* *M17N*
Multilingualization (M17N)	To enable a system or an application to be
				able to use multiple languages at the same
				time.
For example, JVim (Japanized version Vim 3.0) is a |localized| application for
Japanese.  Cxterm (|localized| xterm for Chinese), kterm (|localized| xterm
for Japanese) and hanterm (|localized| xterm for Korean) is also a |localized|
application.  Gnome is an |internationalized| application.  It can be
|localized| for many languages according to the |locale|.  Mule (Multilingual
Enhancement for GNU Emacs) is a |multilingualized| application.  It can handle
multiple |charset|s and can maintain a mixture of languages in a single
buffer.

Vim is an |internationalized| application.  So, you can change the language
specifying the |locale| and some options at start time.

==============================================================================
2. Compiling						*multibyte-compiling*

-.  Before you start to compile Vim, be sure that your system has the language
    |locale| of your choice.  You might need to add "-DX_LOCALE" to CFLAGS.

-.  Compiling Vim:
>	./configure --with-x --enable-multibyte --enable-fontset --enable-xim
>	make

-.  You can use multi-byte in the Vim GUI, which fully supports the
    |+multi_byte| feature.  If you only use console Vim, low-level multibyte
    input/output depends on your console.  For example, if you run Vim in an
    xterm, you should use a |localized| xterm or an xterm which support |XIM|.
    |localized| xterms are kterm (Kanji term) or hanterm (for Korean) for
    example.  Known |XIM| supporting xterms are Eterm (Enlightened terminal)
    and rxvt.

==============================================================================
3. Display						*multibyte-display*

Note that Display and Input are independent.  It is possible to see your
language even though you have no input method for it.

Multibyte output uses |xfontset| feature.

-.  Be sure that your system has the fonts corresponding to the |CCS|es, which
    the |locale| needs to manage.  See: |xfontset|.

-.  Following are requirements to use multibyte language.

    If needed, insert the lines below in your $HOME/.Xdefaults file.
    The GTK+ version of GUI Vim does not use .Xdefaults, thus this change is
    not needed for the GTK+ version.

    These 3 lines are specific for Vim:

	Vim.font: |base_font_name_list|
	Vim*fontSet: |base_font_name_list|
	Vim*fontList: your_language_font:

	Note: Vim.font is for text area.
	      Vim*fontSet is for menu.
	      Vim*fontList is for menu (for Motif GUI)

	For example, when you are using Japanese and 14 dots font,

>	Vim.font: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-*
>	Vim*fontSet: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-*
>	Vim*fontList: -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-*
>
	or

>	Vim.font: k14,r14
>	Vim.fontSet: k14,r14
>	Vim.fontList: k14

    You should set the 'guifontset' option to display a multi-byte language.
    Example:

	:set guifontset=|base_font_name_list|

	For example, when you are using Japanese and 14 dots font,

>	set guifontset=-misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--14-*

	or

>	set guifontset=k14,r14

	Note: You can not use IM unless you specify 'guifontset'.
	      Therefore, Latin users, you have to also use 'guifontset'
	      if you use IM.

    You should not set 'guifont'. If it is set, Vim ignores 'guifontset'.
    It means Vim runs without fontset support, you can see only English. The
    multi-byte characters are displayed corrupted.

    After the |+xfontset| feature is enabled as explained above, Vim does not
    allow using 'font'.  For example, if you use:
>      :set guifontset=eng_font,your_font
    in your .gvimrc, then you should use for highlighting:
>      :hi Comment font=another_eng_font,another_your_font
    If you would do
>      :hi Comment font=another_eng_font
    VIM will also try to use it as a fontset. So, if it cannot display your
    |locale| dependent codeset, you will see a error message.

-.  In your .vimrc, add this
>	set fileencoding=korea
    You can change "korea" to the some other name such as japan, taiwan.
    See |'fileencoding'| for the supported encodings.

-.  If a file's charset is different from your |locale|'s charset, you need to
    convert the charset.  See |charset-conversion|.

==============================================================================
4. Input (XIM, X Input Method support)			*multibyte-input*

Note that Display and Input are independent.  It is possible to see your
language even though you have no input method for it.  But when your Display
method doesn't match your Input method, the text will be displayed wrong.

-.  To input your language you should run the |IM-server| which supports your
    language and |conversion-server| if needed.  Multibyte input uses |XIM|
    feature.

    Next 3 lines are common for all X applications which uses |XIM|.
    If you already use |XIM|, don't care.

>	*international: True
>	*.inputMethod: your_input_server_name
>	*.preeditType: your_input_style

	Note: input_server_name is your |IM-server| name (check your
	      |IM-server| manual).
	      your_input_style is one of |OverTheSpot|, |OffTheSpot|, |Root|.
	      See also |xim-input-style|.
	      *international may not necessary if you use X11R6.
	      *.inputMethod and *.preeditType is a optional if you use X11R6.

	For example, when you are using kinput2 as |IM-server|,

>	*international: True
>	*.inputMethod: kinput2
>	*.preeditType: OverTheSpot

    When using |OverTheSpot|, GUI Vim always connects to the IM Server even in
    Normal mode, so you can input your language with commands like "f" and
    "r".  But when using one of the other two methods, GUI Vim connects to the
    IM Server only if it is not in Normal mode.

    If your IM Server does not support |OverTheSpot|, and if you want to use
    your language with some Normal mode command like "f" or "r", then you
    should use a |localized| xterm  or an xterm which supports |XIM|

-.  If needed, you can set the XMODIFIERS env. var.

	sh:  export XMODIFIERS="@im=input_server_name"
	csh: setenv XMODIFIERS "@im=input_server_name"

	For example, when you are using kinput2 as |IM-server| and sh,

>	export XMODIFIERS="@im=kinput2"


Contributions specifically for the multi-byte features by:
	Chi-Deok Hwang <[e-mail]>
	Sung-Hyun Nam <[e-mail]>
	K.Nagano <[e-mail]>
	Taro Muraoka  <[e-mail]>
	Yasuhiro Matsumoto <[e-mail]>

==============================================================================
5. UTF-8 in XFree86 xterm				*UTF8-xterm*

This is a short explanation of how to use UTF-8 character encoding in the
xterm that comes with XFree86 by Thomas Dickey (text by Markus Kuhn).

NOTE: Editing and viewing UTF-8 text in Vim does not work as expected yet!

Get the latest xterm version which has now UTF-8 support:

	http://www.clark.net/pub/dickey/xterm/xterm.tar.gz

Compile it with "./configure --enable-wide-chars ; make"

Also get the ISO 10646-1 version of the 6x13 font, which is available on

	http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/download/ucs-fonts.tar.gz

and install the font as described in the README file.

Now start xterm with

>  xterm -u8 -fn -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso10646-1

and you will have a working UTF-8 terminal emulator. Try both

>  cat utf-8-demo.txt
>  vim utf-8-demo.txt

with the demo text that comes with ucs-fonts.tar.gz in order to see
whether there are any problems with UTF-8 in your xterm.