perlapi.pod

MSYS在windows下模拟了一个类unix的终端

Clear an SV, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the SV
itself.

	void	sv_clear(SV* sv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_cmp

Compares the strings in two SVs.  Returns -1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the
string in C<sv1> is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in
C<sv2>.

	I32	sv_cmp(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_cmp_locale

Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. See
L</sv_cmp_locale>

	I32	sv_cmp_locale(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_dec

Auto-decrement of the value in the SV.

	void	sv_dec(SV* sv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_derived_from

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is derived from the specified
class.  This is the function that implements C<UNIVERSAL::isa>.  It works
for class names as well as for objects.

	bool	sv_derived_from(SV* sv, const char* name)

=for hackers
Found in file universal.c

=item sv_eq

Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are
identical.

	I32	sv_eq(SV* sv1, SV* sv2)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_free

Free the memory used by an SV.

	void	sv_free(SV* sv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_gets

Get a line from the filehandle and store it into the SV, optionally
appending to the currently-stored string.

	char*	sv_gets(SV* sv, PerlIO* fp, I32 append)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_grow

Expands the character buffer in the SV.  This will use C<sv_unref> and will
upgrade the SV to C<SVt_PV>.  Returns a pointer to the character buffer.
Use C<SvGROW>.

	char*	sv_grow(SV* sv, STRLEN newlen)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_inc

Auto-increment of the value in the SV.

	void	sv_inc(SV* sv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_insert

Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the SV. Similar to
the Perl substr() function.

	void	sv_insert(SV* bigsv, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, char* little, STRLEN littlelen)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_isa

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is blessed into the specified
class.  This does not check for subtypes; use C<sv_derived_from> to verify
an inheritance relationship.

	int	sv_isa(SV* sv, const char* name)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_isobject

Returns a boolean indicating whether the SV is an RV pointing to a blessed
object.  If the SV is not an RV, or if the object is not blessed, then this
will return false.

	int	sv_isobject(SV* sv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_len

Returns the length of the string in the SV.  See also C<SvCUR>.

	STRLEN	sv_len(SV* sv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_len_utf8

Returns the number of characters in the string in an SV, counting wide
UTF8 bytes as a single character.

	STRLEN	sv_len_utf8(SV* sv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_magic

Adds magic to an SV.

	void	sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_mortalcopy

Creates a new SV which is a copy of the original SV.  The new SV is marked
as mortal.

	SV*	sv_mortalcopy(SV* oldsv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_newmortal

Creates a new SV which is mortal.  The reference count of the SV is set to 1.

	SV*	sv_newmortal()

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_pvn_force

Get a sensible string out of the SV somehow.

	char*	sv_pvn_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_pvutf8n_force

Get a sensible UTF8-encoded string out of the SV somehow. See
L</sv_pvn_force>.

	char*	sv_pvutf8n_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_reftype

Returns a string describing what the SV is a reference to.

	char*	sv_reftype(SV* sv, int ob)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_replace

Make the first argument a copy of the second, then delete the original.

	void	sv_replace(SV* sv, SV* nsv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_rvweaken

Weaken a reference.

	SV*	sv_rvweaken(SV *sv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setiv

Copies an integer into the given SV.  Does not handle 'set' magic.  See
C<sv_setiv_mg>.

	void	sv_setiv(SV* sv, IV num)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setiv_mg

Like C<sv_setiv>, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setiv_mg(SV *sv, IV i)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setnv

Copies a double into the given SV.  Does not handle 'set' magic.  See
C<sv_setnv_mg>.

	void	sv_setnv(SV* sv, NV num)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setnv_mg

Like C<sv_setnv>, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setnv_mg(SV *sv, NV num)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setpv

Copies a string into an SV.  The string must be null-terminated.  Does not
handle 'set' magic.  See C<sv_setpv_mg>.

	void	sv_setpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setpvf

Processes its arguments like C<sprintf> and sets an SV to the formatted
output.  Does not handle 'set' magic.  See C<sv_setpvf_mg>.

	void	sv_setpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setpvf_mg

Like C<sv_setpvf>, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setpviv

Copies an integer into the given SV, also updating its string value.
Does not handle 'set' magic.  See C<sv_setpviv_mg>.

	void	sv_setpviv(SV* sv, IV num)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setpviv_mg

Like C<sv_setpviv>, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setpviv_mg(SV *sv, IV iv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setpvn

Copies a string into an SV.  The C<len> parameter indicates the number of
bytes to be copied.  Does not handle 'set' magic.  See C<sv_setpvn_mg>.

	void	sv_setpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setpvn_mg

Like C<sv_setpvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setpv_mg

Like C<sv_setpv>, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setref_iv

Copies an integer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV.  The C<rv>
argument will be upgraded to an RV.  That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV.  The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
blessing.  Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing.  The new SV
will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.

	SV*	sv_setref_iv(SV* rv, const char* classname, IV iv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setref_nv

Copies a double into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV.  The C<rv>
argument will be upgraded to an RV.  That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV.  The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
blessing.  Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing.  The new SV
will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.

	SV*	sv_setref_nv(SV* rv, const char* classname, NV nv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setref_pv

Copies a pointer into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV.  The C<rv>
argument will be upgraded to an RV.  That RV will be modified to point to
the new SV.  If the C<pv> argument is NULL then C<PL_sv_undef> will be placed
into the SV.  The C<classname> argument indicates the package for the
blessing.  Set C<classname> to C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing.  The new SV
will be returned and will have a reference count of 1.

Do not use with other Perl types such as HV, AV, SV, CV, because those
objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process.

Note that C<sv_setref_pvn> copies the string while this copies the pointer.

	SV*	sv_setref_pv(SV* rv, const char* classname, void* pv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setref_pvn

Copies a string into a new SV, optionally blessing the SV.  The length of the
string must be specified with C<n>.  The C<rv> argument will be upgraded to
an RV.  That RV will be modified to point to the new SV.  The C<classname>
argument indicates the package for the blessing.  Set C<classname> to
C<Nullch> to avoid the blessing.  The new SV will be returned and will have
a reference count of 1.

Note that C<sv_setref_pv> copies the pointer while this copies the string.

	SV*	sv_setref_pvn(SV* rv, const char* classname, char* pv, STRLEN n)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setsv

Copies the contents of the source SV C<ssv> into the destination SV C<dsv>.
The source SV may be destroyed if it is mortal.  Does not handle 'set'
magic.  See the macro forms C<SvSetSV>, C<SvSetSV_nosteal> and
C<sv_setsv_mg>.

	void	sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setsv_mg

Like C<sv_setsv>, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setuv

Copies an unsigned integer into the given SV.  Does not handle 'set' magic.
See C<sv_setuv_mg>.

	void	sv_setuv(SV* sv, UV num)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_setuv_mg

Like C<sv_setuv>, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_setuv_mg(SV *sv, UV u)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_true

Returns true if the SV has a true value by Perl's rules.

	I32	sv_true(SV *sv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_unmagic

Removes magic from an SV.

	int	sv_unmagic(SV* sv, int type)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_unref

Unsets the RV status of the SV, and decrements the reference count of
whatever was being referenced by the RV.  This can almost be thought of
as a reversal of C<newSVrv>.  See C<SvROK_off>.

	void	sv_unref(SV* sv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_upgrade

Upgrade an SV to a more complex form.  Use C<SvUPGRADE>.  See
C<svtype>.

	bool	sv_upgrade(SV* sv, U32 mt)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_usepvn

Tells an SV to use C<ptr> to find its string value.  Normally the string is
stored inside the SV but sv_usepvn allows the SV to use an outside string. 
The C<ptr> should point to memory that was allocated by C<malloc>.  The
string length, C<len>, must be supplied.  This function will realloc the
memory pointed to by C<ptr>, so that pointer should not be freed or used by
the programmer after giving it to sv_usepvn.  Does not handle 'set' magic.
See C<sv_usepvn_mg>.

	void	sv_usepvn(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_usepvn_mg

Like C<sv_usepvn>, but also handles 'set' magic.

	void	sv_usepvn_mg(SV *sv, char *ptr, STRLEN len)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_utf8_downgrade

Attempt to convert the PV of an SV from UTF8-encoded to byte encoding.
This may not be possible if the PV contains non-byte encoding characters;
if this is the case, either returns false or, if C<fail_ok> is not
true, croaks.

NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
removed without notice.

	bool	sv_utf8_downgrade(SV *sv, bool fail_ok)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_utf8_encode

Convert the PV of an SV to UTF8-encoded, but then turn off the C<SvUTF8>
flag so that it looks like bytes again. Nothing calls this. 

NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
removed without notice.

	void	sv_utf8_encode(SV *sv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_utf8_upgrade

Convert the PV of an SV to its UTF8-encoded form.

NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
removed without notice.

	void	sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_vcatpvfn

Processes its arguments like C<vsprintf> and appends the formatted output
to an SV.  Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is
missing (NULL).  When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via
C<maybe_tainted> if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of
locales).

	void	sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item sv_vsetpvfn

Works like C<vcatpvfn> but copies the text into the SV instead of
appending it.

	void	sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted)

=for hackers
Found in file sv.c

=item THIS

Variable which is setup by C<xsubpp> to designate the object in a C++ 
XSUB.  This is always the proper type for the C++ object.  See C<CLASS> and 
L<perlxs/"Using XS With C++">.

	(whatever)	THIS

=for hackers
Found in file XSUB.h

=item toLOWER

Converts the specified character to lowercase.

	char	toLOWER(char ch)

=for hackers
Found in file handy.h

=item toUPPER

Converts the specified character to uppercase.

	char	toUPPER(char ch)

=for hackers
Found in file handy.h

=item utf8_distance

Returns the number of UTF8 characters between the UTF-8 pointers C<a>
and C<b>.

WARNING: use only if you *know* that the pointers point inside the
same UTF-8 buffer.

NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
removed without notice.

	IV	utf8_distance(U8 *a, U8 *b)

=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c

=item utf8_hop

Return the UTF-8 pointer C<s> displaced by C<off> characters, either
forward or backward.

WARNING: do not use the following unless you *know* C<off> is within
the UTF-8 data pointed to by C<s> *and* that on entry C<s> is aligned
on the first byte of character or just after the last byte of a character.

NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
removed without notice.

	U8*	utf8_hop(U8 *s, I32 off)

=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c

=item utf8_length

Return the length of the UTF-8 char encoded string C<s> in characters.
Stops at C<e> (inclusive).  If C<e E<lt> s> or if the scan would end
up past C<e>, croaks.

NOTE: this function is experimental and may change or be
removed without notice.

	STRLEN	utf8_length(U8* s, U8 *e)

=for hackers
Found in file utf8.c

=item utf8_to_bytes

Converts a string C<s> of length C<len> from UTF8 into byte encoding.
Unlike C<byt