perlport.pod

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    11charname_.c   c.11charname   (assuming filesystem truncates at 10)

The Unix emulation library's translation of filenames to native assumes
that this sort of translation is required, and it allows a user-defined list
of known suffixes that it will transpose in this fashion.  This may
seem transparent, but consider that with these rules C<foo/bar/baz.h>
and C<foo/bar/h/baz> both map to C<foo.bar.h.baz>, and that C<readdir> and
C<glob> cannot and do not attempt to emulate the reverse mapping.  Other
C<.>'s in filenames are translated to C</>.

As implied above, the environment accessed through C<%ENV> is global, and
the convention is that program specific environment variables are of the
form C<Program$Name>.  Each filesystem maintains a current directory,
and the current filesystem's current directory is the B<global> current
directory.  Consequently, sociable programs don't change the current
directory but rely on full pathnames, and programs (and Makefiles) cannot
assume that they can spawn a child process which can change the current
directory without affecting its parent (and everyone else for that
matter).

Because native operating system filehandles are global and are currently 
allocated down from 255, with 0 being a reserved value, the Unix emulation
library emulates Unix filehandles.  Consequently, you can't rely on
passing C<STDIN>, C<STDOUT>, or C<STDERR> to your children.

The desire of users to express filenames of the form
C<< <Foo$Dir>.Bar >> on the command line unquoted causes problems,
too: C<``> command output capture has to perform a guessing game.  It
assumes that a string C<< <[^<>]+\$[^<>]> >> is a
reference to an environment variable, whereas anything else involving
C<< < >> or C<< > >> is redirection, and generally manages to be 99%
right.  Of course, the problem remains that scripts cannot rely on any
Unix tools being available, or that any tools found have Unix-like command
line arguments.

Extensions and XS are, in theory, buildable by anyone using free
tools.  In practice, many don't, as users of the Acorn platform are
used to binary distributions.  MakeMaker does run, but no available
make currently copes with MakeMaker's makefiles; even if and when
this should be fixed, the lack of a Unix-like shell will cause
problems with makefile rules, especially lines of the form C<cd
sdbm && make all>, and anything using quoting.

"S<RISC OS>" is the proper name for the operating system, but the value
in C<$^O> is "riscos" (because we don't like shouting).

=head2 Other perls

Perl has been ported to many platforms that do not fit into any of
the categories listed above.  Some, such as AmigaOS, Atari MiNT,
BeOS, HP MPE/iX, QNX, Plan 9, and VOS, have been well-integrated
into the standard Perl source code kit.  You may need to see the
F<ports/> directory on CPAN for information, and possibly binaries,
for the likes of: aos, Atari ST, lynxos, riscos, Novell Netware,
Tandem Guardian, I<etc.>  (Yes, we know that some of these OSes may
fall under the Unix category, but we are not a standards body.)

Some approximate operating system names and their C<$^O> values
in the "OTHER" category include:

    OS            $^O        $Config{'archname'}
    ------------------------------------------
    Amiga DOS     amigaos    m68k-amigos
    MPE/iX        mpeix      PA-RISC1.1

See also:

=over 4

=item *

Amiga, F<README.amiga> (installed as L<perlamiga>).

=item *

Atari, F<README.mint> and Guido Flohr's web page
http://stud.uni-sb.de/~gufl0000/

=item *

Be OS, F<README.beos>

=item *

HP 300 MPE/iX, F<README.mpeix> and Mark Bixby's web page
http://www.bixby.org/mark/perlix.html

=item *

A free perl5-based PERL.NLM for Novell Netware is available in
precompiled binary and source code form from http://www.novell.com/
as well as from CPAN.

=item  *

Plan 9, F<README.plan9>

=back

=head1 FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS

Listed below are functions that are either completely unimplemented
or else have been implemented differently on various platforms.
Following each description will be, in parentheses, a list of
platforms that the description applies to.

The list may well be incomplete, or even wrong in some places.  When
in doubt, consult the platform-specific README files in the Perl
source distribution, and any other documentation resources accompanying
a given port.

Be aware, moreover, that even among Unix-ish systems there are variations.

For many functions, you can also query C<%Config>, exported by
default from the Config module.  For example, to check whether the
platform has the C<lstat> call, check C<$Config{d_lstat}>.  See
L<Config> for a full description of available variables.

=head2 Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions

=over 8

=item -X FILEHANDLE

=item -X EXPR

=item -X

C<-r>, C<-w>, and C<-x> have a limited meaning only; directories
and applications are executable, and there are no uid/gid
considerations.  C<-o> is not supported.  (S<Mac OS>)

C<-r>, C<-w>, C<-x>, and C<-o> tell whether the file is accessible,
which may not reflect UIC-based file protections.  (VMS)

C<-s> returns the size of the data fork, not the total size of data fork
plus resource fork.  (S<Mac OS>).

C<-s> by name on an open file will return the space reserved on disk,
rather than the current extent.  C<-s> on an open filehandle returns the
current size.  (S<RISC OS>)

C<-R>, C<-W>, C<-X>, C<-O> are indistinguishable from C<-r>, C<-w>,
C<-x>, C<-o>. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>)

C<-b>, C<-c>, C<-k>, C<-g>, C<-p>, C<-u>, C<-A> are not implemented.
(S<Mac OS>)

C<-g>, C<-k>, C<-l>, C<-p>, C<-u>, C<-A> are not particularly meaningful.
(Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>)

C<-d> is true if passed a device spec without an explicit directory.
(VMS)

C<-T> and C<-B> are implemented, but might misclassify Mac text files
with foreign characters; this is the case will all platforms, but may
affect S<Mac OS> often.  (S<Mac OS>)

C<-x> (or C<-X>) determine if a file ends in one of the executable
suffixes.  C<-S> is meaningless.  (Win32)

C<-x> (or C<-X>) determine if a file has an executable file type.
(S<RISC OS>)

=item alarm SECONDS

=item alarm

Not implemented. (Win32)

=item binmode FILEHANDLE

Meaningless.  (S<Mac OS>, S<RISC OS>)

Reopens file and restores pointer; if function fails, underlying
filehandle may be closed, or pointer may be in a different position.
(VMS)

The value returned by C<tell> may be affected after the call, and
the filehandle may be flushed. (Win32)

=item chmod LIST

Only limited meaning.  Disabling/enabling write permission is mapped to
locking/unlocking the file. (S<Mac OS>)

Only good for changing "owner" read-write access, "group", and "other"
bits are meaningless. (Win32)

Only good for changing "owner" and "other" read-write access. (S<RISC OS>)

Access permissions are mapped onto VOS access-control list changes. (VOS)

=item chown LIST

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, Plan9, S<RISC OS>, VOS)

Does nothing, but won't fail. (Win32)

=item chroot FILENAME

=item chroot

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, Plan9, S<RISC OS>, VOS, VM/ESA)

=item crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT

May not be available if library or source was not provided when building
perl. (Win32)

Not implemented. (VOS)

=item dbmclose HASH

Not implemented. (VMS, Plan9, VOS)

=item dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE

Not implemented. (VMS, Plan9, VOS)

=item dump LABEL

Not useful. (S<Mac OS>, S<RISC OS>)

Not implemented. (Win32)

Invokes VMS debugger. (VMS)

=item exec LIST

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>)

Implemented via Spawn. (VM/ESA)

Does not automatically flush output handles on some platforms.
(SunOS, Solaris, HP-UX)

=item fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR

Not implemented. (Win32, VMS)

=item flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION

Not implemented (S<Mac OS>, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS).

Available only on Windows NT (not on Windows 95). (Win32)

=item fork

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, AmigaOS, S<RISC OS>, VOS, VM/ESA)

Emulated using multiple interpreters.  See L<perlfork>.  (Win32)

Does not automatically flush output handles on some platforms.
(SunOS, Solaris, HP-UX)

=item getlogin

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, S<RISC OS>)

=item getpgrp PID

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS)

=item getppid

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>)

=item getpriority WHICH,WHO

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>, VOS, VM/ESA)

=item getpwnam NAME

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32)

Not useful. (S<RISC OS>)

=item getgrnam NAME

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>)

=item getnetbyname NAME

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, Plan9)

=item getpwuid UID

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32)

Not useful. (S<RISC OS>)

=item getgrgid GID

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>)

=item getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, Plan9)

=item getprotobynumber NUMBER

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>)

=item getservbyport PORT,PROTO

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>)

=item getpwent

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VM/ESA)

=item getgrent

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, VM/ESA)

=item gethostent

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32)

=item getnetent

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, Plan9)

=item getprotoent

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, Plan9)

=item getservent

Not implemented. (Win32, Plan9)

=item setpwent

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, S<RISC OS>)

=item setgrent

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, VMS, S<RISC OS>)

=item sethostent STAYOPEN

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, Plan9, S<RISC OS>)

=item setnetent STAYOPEN

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, Plan9, S<RISC OS>)

=item setprotoent STAYOPEN

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, Plan9, S<RISC OS>)

=item setservent STAYOPEN

Not implemented. (Plan9, Win32, S<RISC OS>)

=item endpwent

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, MPE/iX, VM/ESA, Win32)

=item endgrent

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, MPE/iX, S<RISC OS>, VM/ESA, VMS, Win32)

=item endhostent

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32)

=item endnetent

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, Plan9)

=item endprotoent

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Win32, Plan9)

=item endservent

Not implemented. (Plan9, Win32)

=item getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME

Not implemented. (S<Mac OS>, Plan9)