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📁 通讯类的标准。对要开发SS7的朋友有很大帮助的。（通讯协议）
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<DIV class=im0><IMG height=64 src="1_9.files/right.jpg" width=563 
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<DIV class=im1><IMG height=232 src="1_9.files/001_9_2.jpg" width=550 
border=0></DIV><!-- text starts here --><SPAN class=ps0><NOBR>图<SPAN 
class=em0>1-4</SPAN>中是<SPAN class=em0>SS7</SPAN>信令协议和主要的基于<SPAN 
class=em0>IP</SPAN>的信令方法的集成。本书后续章节中列出了这些</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps1><NOBR>规范的信令特性及其交互，以在概念和体系结构层次上提出“集成”的问题和方法。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps2><NOBR><SPAN class=ft1>图<SPAN class=em4>1-4 &nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>使用<SPAN 
class=em4>IP</SPAN>信令的<SPAN 
class=em4>PSTN/IP</SPAN>服务集成体系结构</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps3><NOBR>图<SPAN class=em0>1-4</SPAN>中显示了三个堆栈：一个是<SPAN 
class=em0>SS7</SPAN>网络（左边），一个基于<SPAN 
class=em0>S/MGCP</SPAN>信令，另一个是</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps4><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft2>H.323<SPAN 
class=em1>保护规范。成功地集成多种信令技术的关键是，在体系结构中正确、全面地设计接口层，</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps5><NOBR>它们的出现对于高层是透明的。在这个领域中，自顶向下的设计可以保证电话应用的服务层</NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps6><NOBR>的设计不依赖于信令协议，这样就可以在任意规模的服务平台中存在。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps7><NOBR><SPAN class=ft2>SS7<SPAN class=em1>信令堆栈与</SPAN>OSI<SPAN 
class=em1>协议栈有着相似的结构。在第</SPAN>3<SPAN class=em1>章中还会看到，<SPAN 
class=em0>SS7</SPAN>是个带外的无关</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps8><NOBR>联的信令网络。<SPAN class=em0>MTP</SPAN>和完整的<SPAN 
class=em0>SCCP</SPAN>层（或<SPAN class=em0>SCCP</SPAN>的主要部分）在信令传输点（&nbsp;<SPAN 
class=em0>Signaling</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps9><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft2>Transfer Points<SPAN class=em1>，</SPAN>STP<SPAN 
class=em1>）</SPAN><SPAN class=em1>内实现。最低层是消息传输部分</SPAN>1<SPAN 
class=em1>（</SPAN>Message Transfer Part1<SPAN class=em1>，</SPAN>MTP1<SPAN 
class=em1>），</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps10><NOBR>与<SPAN 
class=em0>OSI</SPAN>体系结构的物理层对应。<SPAN class=em0>SS7</SPAN>中的信令主要在<SPAN 
class=em0>64Kbps</SPAN>的数字电路、<SPAN class=em0>DS0</SPAN>信道、<SPAN 
class=em0>T1</SPAN>设备</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps11><NOBR>上运行。</NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps12><NOBR><SPAN class=ft2>MTP2<SPAN class=em1>是信令链路层（<SPAN 
class=em0>Signaling Link</SPAN>，<SPAN 
class=em0>SL</SPAN>），它的功能包括错误控制、恢复和保护信令消</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps13><NOBR>息的正确序列。在协议消息单元中运行的<SPAN class=em0>MTP2</SPAN>叫做消息信令单元（<SPAN 
class=em0>Message Signaling Unit</SPAN>，</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps14><NOBR><SPAN class=ft2>MSU<SPAN class=em1>），</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em1>它包括来自</SPAN>MTP3<SPAN class=em1>（</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em1>网络层）的消息部分和</SPAN>MTP2<SPAN 
class=em1>产生的信息。</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps15><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft2>SS7<SPAN class=em1>规范在</SPAN>MTP2<SPAN 
class=em1>消息中引起检测不到的错误的可能性很低，即，<SPAN class=em0>P</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em3><SUB>u_error</SUB></SPAN><SPAN class=em0>&lt;10<SPAN 
class=em2><SUP>-10</SUP></SPAN></SPAN>。数字链路上</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps16><NOBR>的位错率通常比这个最大值还高，而它以一种排除消息顺序出错的方式，在信令网络中严格</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps17><NOBR>地控制错误。<SPAN 
class=em0>SS7</SPAN>信令网络的更好的详细描述可以在参考文献中找到。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps18><NOBR><SPAN class=ft2>MTP3<SPAN class=em1>是</SPAN>SS7<SPAN 
class=em1>的网络层，也是与高层协议的接口。我们讨论的上层协议是交换连接控制部</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps19><NOBR>分（<SPAN class=em0>Swtiching Connection Control 
Part</SPAN>，<SPAN class=em0>SCCP</SPAN>）和<SPAN class=em0>ISDN</SPAN>用户部分（<SPAN 
class=em0>ISDN User Part</SPAN>，<SPAN class=em0>ISUP</SPAN>），</NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps20><NOBR>事务性能应用部分（<SPAN class=em0>Transaction Capabilities 
Application Part</SPAN>，<SPAN class=em0>TCAP</SPAN>）。<SPAN 
class=em0>MTP3</SPAN>从高层接受消</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps21><NOBR>息，然后形成<SPAN 
class=em0>MTP3</SPAN>消息，交给<SPAN class=em0>MTP2</SPAN>和<SPAN 
class=em0>MTP1</SPAN>处理。类似地，在另一方向上，<SPAN class=em0>STP</SPAN>的底层接收</NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps22><NOBR>到的消息被分解后，经过<SPAN class=em0>MTP3</SPAN>传送给正确的用户。<SPAN 
class=em0>MTP3</SPAN>层也负责路由信令消息，这样它也</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps23><NOBR>包含在实现路由器时通常包含的功能。在下面的讨论中，把信令类型分成与主干网、呼叫建</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps24><NOBR>立无关的端到端的信令，以及控制电话呼叫过程中管理主干网络和电路的信令。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps25><NOBR><SPAN class=ft2>SS7<SPAN 
class=em1>网络中，信令连接控制部分提供端到端的信令。它为事务性能控制部分提供服务，后</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps26><NOBR>者又为电话用户提供智能网络功能，如把<SPAN 
class=em0>800</SPAN>号码转换成可路由的号码、本地号码可移植性</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps27><NOBR><SPAN class=ft3>第<SPAN class=em5>1</SPAN>章<SPAN 
class=em5>IP</SPAN>语音和交互应用的协议</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps28><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft4>9</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps29><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft5>文档</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps30><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft6>ISDN网户部分</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps31><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft7>(ISUP)</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps32><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft7>SCCP</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps33><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft6>信令连接控制部分</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps34><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft7>MTP3-SS7<SPAN class=em6>网络层</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps35><NOBR><SPAN class=ft7>MTP2-SS7<SPAN 
class=em6>链路层</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps36><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft7>MTP1-SS7<SPAN class=em6>物理层</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps37><NOBR><SPAN class=ft6>IP层</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps38><NOBR><SPAN class=ft6>数据应用</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps39><NOBR><SPAN class=ft7>H.225.0</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps40><NOBR><SPAN class=ft6>终端到</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps41><NOBR><SPAN class=ft7>GK<SPAN 
class=em6>信令</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps42><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft7>(RAS)</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps43><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft7>H.225.0</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps44><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft6>呼叫信令</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps45><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft7>H.245</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps46><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft6>逻辑信</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps47><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft6>道信令</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps48><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft6>应用呼叫模型和资源管理</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps49><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft7>H.323<SPAN class=em6>终端控制和管理</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps50><NOBR><SPAN class=ft6>IP传输的链路层和物理层</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps51><NOBR><SPAN class=ft6>音频/视</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps52><NOBR><SPAN class=ft6>频应用</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps53><NOBR><SPAN class=ft6>MGCP</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps54><NOBR><SPAN class=ft6>SIP集</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps55><NOBR><SPAN class=ft6>成服务</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> </BODY></HTML>

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