📄 003_3.htm

📁 通讯类的标准。对要开发SS7的朋友有很大帮助的。（通讯协议）
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<DIV class=im0><IMG height=64 src="003_3.files/left.jpg" width=564 
border=0></DIV><!-- text starts here --><SPAN class=ps0><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>STP<SPAN class=em1>是嵌入了路由功能的计算机。它们接收本地</SPAN>SSP<SPAN 
class=em1>以及</SPAN>SS7<SPAN class=em1>网络上其他</SPAN>SSP<SPAN 
class=em1>的信令消息点</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps1><NOBR>码，并且负责把这些消息正确地路由到最终目的地。信令消息有两种：端对端的用户信令，</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps2><NOBR>与干线相关的信令，其干线携带用户的语音通话或者音频带数据，例如调制解调器与传真。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps3><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>STP<SPAN class=em1>的一个主要功能就是全局标题翻译（<SPAN 
class=em0>GTT</SPAN>，<SPAN class=em0>Global Title 
Translation</SPAN>），也就是说，把所拨</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps4><NOBR>的数字串翻译成公用网中可被路由的号码。免费的<SPAN class=em0>800</SPAN>和收费的<SPAN 
class=em0>900</SPAN>号码就是这样的全球标题。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps5><NOBR>如果<SPAN 
class=em0>SSP</SPAN>本地的<SPAN class=em0>STP</SPAN>接收到拨号的数字，但是无法进行<SPAN 
class=em0>GT</SPAN>翻译，那么它会把这一请求转发给</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps6><NOBR>某个有翻译能力的<SPAN class=em0>STP</SPAN>。<SPAN 
class=em0>STP</SPAN>同时还监视着信令链路的健康与状态并负责确保网络的信令连通。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps7><NOBR>当链路变得不稳定或断开时，它会改变步骤。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps8><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>SCP<SPAN class=em1>是附在</SPAN>STP<SPAN 
class=em1>上的主机或分布式计算机网络，它能访问某个数据库，该数据库包含了能</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps9><NOBR>把接入呼叫转到交换机的必要信息。这些信息可能是免费或收费<SPAN 
class=em0>900</SPAN>号码的翻译、记帐和信用</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps10><NOBR>卡信息，或转移到其他运营商号码的路由信息。被转移的号码表示该号码已经转移到其他的</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps11><NOBR>载波上，就像用户换了一家长途电话公司一样。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps12><NOBR>号码能够被转移，这在使用互交换载波（<SPAN class=em0>Inter-eXchange 
Carriers</SPAN>，<SPAN class=em0>IXC</SPAN>）的长途电话竞争</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps13><NOBR>中产生了一个有趣的问题。当一个用户在拨号盘上拨了一个号码，初始本地交换机</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps14><NOBR>（<SPAN class=em0>Originating Local Exchange</SPAN>，<SPAN 
class=em0>OLE</SPAN>）首先分析这串数字以确定如何找到被叫端的<SPAN 
class=em0>TE</SPAN>终端交换</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps15><NOBR>机（<SPAN 
class=em0>Terminating Exchange</SPAN>），这时需要马上确定该拨号是否已被转移。这是通过使用<SPAN 
class=em0>SS7</SPAN>的事</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps16><NOBR>务能力应用部件（<SPAN 
class=em0>Transactions Capability Application Part</SPAN>，<SPAN 
class=em0>TCAP</SPAN>）的服务来完成的，下面还</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps17><NOBR>会通过一个叫本地号码可移植性<SPAN class=em0>LNP<SPAN class=em1>（</SPAN>Local 
Number Portability<SPAN class=em1>）</SPAN></SPAN>查询的过程来讨论这一问题。</NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps18><NOBR>呼叫的终端交换机由<SPAN class=em0>LNP</SPAN>查询返回的定位路由号（<SPAN 
class=em0>Location Routing Number</SPAN>，<SPAN 
class=em0>LRN</SPAN>）来标识。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps19><NOBR>图<SPAN 
class=em0>3-2</SPAN>中<SPAN 
class=em0>SS7</SPAN>网络要素的基本的、常常也是典型的网络配置包括：通过各种方式连接到本</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps20><NOBR>地或非本地<SPAN class=em0>STP</SPAN>的<SPAN 
class=em0>SSP</SPAN>、交叉互连的<SPAN class=em0>STP</SPAN>、最少一个<SPAN 
class=em0>SCP</SPAN>。<SPAN class=em0>SSP</SPAN>与成对的<SPAN 
class=em0>STP</SPAN>直接由接入链路</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps21><NOBR>（<SPAN 
class=em0>Access Links</SPAN>，<SPAN class=em0>A-Links</SPAN>）连接。在<SPAN 
class=em0>SS7</SPAN>网络中，每个节点由一个单独的点码标识。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps22><NOBR>图<SPAN class=em0>3-2</SPAN>中的链路可以是同一种设备类型。北美最普通的链路类型是<SPAN 
class=em0>DS0s<SPAN class=em1>，</SPAN></SPAN>或者<SPAN 
class=em0>56Kbps</SPAN>电路，</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps23><NOBR>或者全<SPAN 
class=em0>T1</SPAN>设备。一个<SPAN class=em0>SSP</SPAN>包括（在其他元件中）语音交换机，这通常是<SPAN 
class=em0>5</SPAN>类兼容设备，负责把</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps24><NOBR>从用户端点接收到的信令映射到<SPAN class=em0>SS7</SPAN>信令。<SPAN 
class=em0>SS7</SPAN>网络的信令协议将在本节中稍后讨论。在</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps25><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>PSTN<SPAN 
class=em1>中，端点信令要么是模拟的（例如，基本电话环路的起点），要么是数字的（例如，</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps26><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>PBX<SPAN class=em1>通过</SPAN>PRI ISDN<SPAN 
class=em1>接入中央局）</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps27><NOBR>。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps28><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>STP<SPAN 
class=em1>可以配置为层次结构，也可以在同一层上没有层次。当一些</SPAN>STP<SPAN 
class=em1>专用于部分网络（如</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps29><NOBR>一个区域，无论区域的定义是大是小）内的信令时，<SPAN 
class=em0>STP</SPAN>的层次就显得必要了。在这种情况下，</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps30><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>STP<SPAN class=em1>需要高层次来跨越区域边界向其他</SPAN>STP<SPAN 
class=em1>传送信令。在两种拓扑配置中，每个</SPAN>SSP<SPAN 
class=em1>都至少和</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps31><NOBR>两个成对的<SPAN 
class=em0>STP</SPAN>相连，这些<SPAN class=em0>STP</SPAN>的连接构成了完全的网格图。<SPAN 
class=em0>STP</SPAN>这种拓扑的一个主要目的是</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps32><NOBR>为<SPAN 
class=em0>SS7</SPAN>信令协议提供健壮性和冗余路由功能，进而实现公用网络中可靠的电话服务。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps33><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>STP<SPAN class=em1>与和它配对的</SPAN>STP<SPAN 
class=em1>通过交叉链路（<SPAN class=em0>Cross links</SPAN>，<SPAN 
class=em0>C-links</SPAN>）连通。</SPAN>C-links<SPAN 
class=em1>在信令网络的</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps34><NOBR>同一区域或不同区域由配对的<SPAN class=em0>STP</SPAN>提供连接其他<SPAN 
class=em0>STP</SPAN>的备份路由。不同交换机或网络的同等</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps35><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>STP<SPAN class=em1>之间的信令通过桥接链路（<SPAN class=em0>Bridge 
links</SPAN>，<SPAN class=em0>B-links</SPAN>）来实现。如果存在</SPAN>STP<SPAN 
class=em1>层次结构，各层</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps36><NOBR>之间的<SPAN 
class=em0>STP</SPAN>对则通过对角链路（<SPAN class=em0>Diagonal links</SPAN>，<SPAN 
class=em0>D-links</SPAN>）来传递信令。<SPAN class=em0>D-links</SPAN>与<SPAN 
class=em0>B-links</SPAN>类似。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps37><NOBR>扩展链路（<SPAN 
class=em0>Extended links</SPAN>，<SPAN 
class=em0>E-links</SPAN>）提供了和本地交换机无关的到<SPAN 
class=em0>STP</SPAN>的连接，用于在</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps38><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>SSP<SPAN class=em1>和它的本地</SPAN>STP<SPAN 
class=em1>对之间的连接丢失的情况。完全关联链路（<SPAN class=em0>Fully associated links</SPAN>，<SPAN 
class=em0>F-links</SPAN>）</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps39><NOBR>提供<SPAN class=em0>SSP</SPAN>之间的直接连接，但是使用并不普遍。</NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps40><NOBR><SPAN class=ft2>102&nbsp;&nbsp;<SPAN class=em2>IP 
</SPAN><SPAN class=em3>电话技术：稳定的</SPAN><SPAN class=em2>VoIP</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em3>服务集成</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps41><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft3>文档</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> </BODY></HTML>
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