📄 001_21.htm

📁 通讯类的标准。对要开发SS7的朋友有很大帮助的。（通讯协议）
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<DIV class=pg></DIV><!-- bitmap and vector images are written here -->
<DIV class=im0><IMG height=7 src="001_21.files/001_21_1.jpg" width=7 
border=0></DIV>
<DIV class=im1><IMG height=64 src="001_21.files/right.jpg" width=563 
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<DIV class=im3><IMG height=9 src="001_21.files/001_21_4.jpg" width=8 
border=0></DIV><!-- text starts here --><SPAN class=ps0><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>z=<SPAN class=em0>（</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em0>可选）时区调整</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps1><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>k=<SPAN class=em0>（</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em0>可选）密钥</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps2><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>a=<SPAN class=em0>（</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em0>可选）零个或者多个会话属性行</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps3><NOBR>时间描述</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps4><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>t=<SPAN 
class=em0>会话有效时间</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps5><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>r=<SPAN class=em0>（</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em0>可选）零个或多个重复次数</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps6><NOBR>介质描述</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps7><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>m=<SPAN 
class=em0>（</SPAN><SPAN class=em0>介质名称和传输地址）</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps8><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>i=<SPAN class=em0>（</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em0>任选）介质标题</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps9><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>c=<SPAN class=em0>（</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em0>任选）连接信息—如果包含在会话层是可选的</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps10><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>b=<SPAN class=em0>（</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em0>任选）带宽信息</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps11><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>k=<SPAN class=em0>（</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em0>任选）密钥</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps12><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>a=<SPAN class=em0>（</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em0>任选）零个或多个介质属性行</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps13><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>4. <SPAN class=em3>参数协商和设定</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps14><NOBR>图<SPAN class=em1>1-8</SPAN>中的消息说明了用<SPAN 
class=em1>SDP</SPAN>语法来向端点发送会话参数的方法。为了简单起见，这里省</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps15><NOBR>去了<SPAN class=em1>Ethernet</SPAN>和<SPAN 
class=em1>IP</SPAN>包报头。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps16><NOBR>显示出来的<SPAN 
class=em1>S/MGCP</SPAN>包有效载荷是建立连接命令（<SPAN class=em1>Create Connection 
command</SPAN>，<SPAN class=em1>CRCX</SPAN>），</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps17><NOBR>它告诉目标端点与<SPAN class=em1>10.1.70.16</SPAN>端点建立连接，使用<SPAN 
class=em1>UDP</SPAN>端口<SPAN class=em1>1029<SPAN 
class=em0>，</SPAN></SPAN>介质类型为<SPAN class=em1>PCM uLaw</SPAN>编码</NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps18><NOBR>的语音信号。目标端点将选择一个连接标识号并用<SPAN 
class=em1>ACKnowledge</SPAN>应答。但是另一端点可能不</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps19><NOBR>支持所请求的介质格式，这时就需要进行协商。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps20><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>SDP<SPAN class=em0>中的第一个要素是协议版本号（<SPAN 
class=em1>v=0</SPAN>）<SPAN class=em1>,</SPAN>它紧跟在</SPAN>S/MGCP<SPAN 
class=em0>报头最后的换行符之后出现。</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps21><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>SDP<SPAN class=em0>应该位于整个包的最后。连接信息（&nbsp;<SPAN 
class=em1>c=...</SPAN>）用于标识创建会话的呼叫处理机的</SPAN>INternet</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps22><NOBR>（<SPAN class=em1>IN</SPAN>）和<SPAN 
class=em1>IP</SPAN>地址。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps23><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft2>1.2.2 &nbsp;&nbsp;S/MGCP<SPAN class=em4>小结</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps24><NOBR>基于<SPAN class=em1>IP</SPAN>电话技术的语音和<SPAN 
class=em1>XoIP</SPAN>服务的迫切需要是，在服务供应商的介质网关控制器和</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps25><NOBR>为客户范围内或载波出现点处的端点提供服务的介质网关之间进行有效的信令。与实验性基</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps26><NOBR>于<SPAN class=em1>Internet</SPAN>的语音电话相比，提供主线电话服务更加复杂。因此，即使<SPAN 
class=em1>H.323</SPAN>给了所有人重重</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps27><NOBR>一击，服务供应商的需要还是导致在信令领域放弃新的研究工作。<SPAN 
class=em1>S/MGCP</SPAN>和<SPAN class=em1>SIP</SPAN>是早期为重</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps28><NOBR>要的广域<SPAN 
class=em1>VoIP</SPAN>电话信令设计的信令协议，它们在使用中都受到了不同程度的认可。但是，标</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps29><NOBR>准组织已经认识到，如果将来<SPAN 
class=em1>VoIP</SPAN>能够成功，它需要在各组织之间达成一致，从而在工业界</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps30><NOBR>得到广泛认可。当载波上出现足够多的<SPAN 
class=em1>VoIP</SPAN>服务，载波之间的协作以及和包网络之间相互可</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps31><NOBR>操作成为必要时，这一现象将越来越重要。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps32><NOBR>为介质流选择协议的问题看起来已经被<SPAN class=em1>RTP</SPAN>解决，对于<SPAN 
class=em1>XoIP</SPAN>则会有一些小的故障。但是，</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps33><NOBR>在为众多消费者市场提供多服务容量的远景中，为了确立可行的方法以提供可靠的</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps34><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>QoS<SPAN class=em0>，</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em0>这</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps35><NOBR>个领域中还有很多工作正在进行。有关语音介质流的端到端<SPAN 
class=em1>QoS</SPAN>测量的问题将在第<SPAN class=em1>4</SPAN>章和第<SPAN 
class=em1>5</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps36><NOBR>章中展开，在那里的参考拓扑图中，将看到传送的语音质量的定量测量。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps37><NOBR><SPAN class=ft3>第<SPAN class=em5>1</SPAN>章<SPAN 
class=em5>IP</SPAN>语音和交互应用的协议</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps38><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft4>21</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps39><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft5>文档</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps40><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft6>XoIP<SPAN class=em6>是</SPAN>IP<SPAN class=em6>上的任何东西（<SPAN 
class=em2>Anything over IP</SPAN>）</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps41><NOBR><SPAN class=ft7>。</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> </BODY></HTML>
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