📄 002_36.htm

📁 通讯类的标准。对要开发SS7的朋友有很大帮助的。（通讯协议）
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<DIV class=im0><IMG height=3 src="002_36.files/002_36_1.jpg" width=558 
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<DIV class=im2><IMG height=64 src="002_36.files/left.jpg" width=564 
border=0></DIV><!-- text starts here --><SPAN class=ps0><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>2. 
<SPAN class=em4>保留方式</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps1><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>RSVP<SPAN 
class=em1>定义了四种不同的保留方式。保留方式是路由器中处理通信量类型的选项，其中标</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps2><NOBR>识了两种类型的发送者：明确的和通配的。明确的是自解释的，在一个<SPAN 
class=em2>RSVP</SPAN>会话中为特定的</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps3><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>QoS<SPAN class=em1>标识特定的发送者。即使发送者向同一目的地发送，而果</SPAN>QoS<SPAN 
class=em1>也相同，它们也不会成组。</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps4><NOBR>在<SPAN 
class=em2>ATM</SPAN>网络中，每一个发送者在输出方向会被指定一个特定的<SPAN 
class=em2>VC</SPAN>。通配方式包含一个<SPAN class=em2>RSVP</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps5><NOBR>会话中具有相同<SPAN class=em2>QoS</SPAN>的所有发送者，对于<SPAN 
class=em2>ATM</SPAN>网，所有这样的发送者共享一个<SPAN class=em2>VC</SPAN>。还有两种</NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps6><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>RSVP<SPAN 
class=em1>支持的保留方式：共享的和独特的。表</SPAN>2-4<SPAN 
class=em1>总结了不同的保留方式。</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps7><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft2>表<SPAN class=em5>2-4 &nbsp;&nbsp;RSVP</SPAN>保留方式</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps8><NOBR><SPAN class=ft3>发送者</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps9><NOBR><SPAN class=ft3>独特的保留</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps10><NOBR><SPAN class=ft3>共享的保留</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps11><NOBR><SPAN class=ft3>明确的</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps12><NOBR><SPAN class=ft3>固定过滤器（<SPAN class=em0>Fix Filter</SPAN>，<SPAN 
class=em0>FF</SPAN>）</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps13><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft3>共享过滤器（<SPAN class=em0>Shared Filter</SPAN>，<SPAN 
class=em0>SF</SPAN>）</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps14><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft3>通配的</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps15><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft3>没有定义</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps16><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft3>通配过滤器（<SPAN class=em0>Wildcast Filter</SPAN>，<SPAN 
class=em0>WF</SPAN>）</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps17><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>FF<SPAN class=em1>（</SPAN>Fix Filter<SPAN class=em1>，</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em1>固定过滤器）方式标识了具有输出</SPAN>VC<SPAN class=em1>的特定发送者。这会导致</SPAN>VC<SPAN 
class=em1>的最</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps18><NOBR>大利用，也可能在路由器中隐含其他处理。对于大规模多点传送应用，如语音电话，希望通</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps19><NOBR>过<SPAN class=em2>FF</SPAN>方式的保留实现<SPAN class=em2>QoS<SPAN 
class=em1>，</SPAN></SPAN>这必然会限制一个路由器能够同时处理的呼叫数量。这种类型的</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps20><NOBR>保留也适用于来自多发送者的视频传输，如视频会议。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps21><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>SF<SPAN class=em1>（</SPAN>Shared Filter<SPAN 
class=em1>，</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em1>共享过滤器）方式提高了网络和路由器的效率，它是通过使相似的发</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps22><NOBR>送者成组、并在输出方向上把它们放在一个<SPAN 
class=em2>VC</SPAN>上来实现。接收者明确地标识发送者以共享保</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps23><NOBR>留。当发送者不打算同时发送时，共享保留也可以适用。大多数会议呼叫的音频流就是这种</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps24><NOBR>情况。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps25><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>WF<SPAN class=em1>（</SPAN>Wildcard Filter<SPAN class=em1>，</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em1>通配过滤器）方式适用于一个</SPAN>RSVP<SPAN 
class=em1>会话中的所有发送者可以合并、</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps26><NOBR>并放在向着接收者的一个<SPAN 
class=em2>VC</SPAN>上的情况。上游发送者的流被保留共享。当会话中出现新的发送</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps27><NOBR>者时，它们的流也会以相同方式共享。如果会话中有很多发送者，可以使用<SPAN 
class=em2>WF</SPAN>方式，它会导</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps28><NOBR>致沿线的路由器的处理开销比用于相同目的的<SPAN 
class=em2>SF</SPAN>方式更少。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps29><NOBR>记住，对于给定的保留，所有三种保留方式相互间是不相容的，不能在它们之间进行</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps30><NOBR>合并。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps31><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>3. 
<SPAN class=em4>在呼叫模型中的应用</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps32><NOBR>图<SPAN class=em2>2-21</SPAN>中是会话端点之间三种可能的保留方式。</NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps33><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>RSVP<SPAN class=em1>实际上如何工作？<SPAN 
class=em2>RSVP</SPAN>的一个基本概念是会话。一个</SPAN>RSVP<SPAN 
class=em1>会话是具有目标、使用</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps34><NOBR>特定传输协议的数据流。它通过集合<SPAN class=em2>[</SPAN>目标地址、协议<SPAN 
class=em2>ID</SPAN>、目标端口<SPAN class=em2>]</SPAN>定义，其中最后一个是</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps35><NOBR>可选的。目标地址是端点的<SPAN class=em2>IP</SPAN>地址，既可以是单播，也可以是组播。如果<SPAN 
class=em2>UDP</SPAN>或<SPAN class=em2>TCP</SPAN>中的任</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps36><NOBR>何协议用于传输，那么目标端口可以是<SPAN class=em2>UDP</SPAN>或<SPAN 
class=em2>TCP</SPAN>端口。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps37><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>RSVP<SPAN 
class=em1>保留请求通过流描述符来表征。流描述符包括流说明和过滤器说明。流说明定义</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps38><NOBR>了为该会话的保留所要求的<SPAN 
class=em2>QoS</SPAN>。路由器的包调度程序利用这个信息来保证达到目的。过滤</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps39><NOBR>器说明定义了来自发送者的哪些包会得到规定的<SPAN 
class=em2>QoS</SPAN>。路由器中的包分类器会使用这个信息。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps40><NOBR>由于包分类器使用<SPAN 
class=em2>TCP/UDP</SPAN>端口号，它要求沿路径到达接收者的任何地方都不出现碎片。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps41><NOBR>这给组播树提出了问题，因为必须给为树计算最小</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps42><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>MTU<SPAN class=em1>。</SPAN>RFC 2210<SPAN 
class=em1>详细介绍了计算最小</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps43><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>MTU<SPAN class=em1>的方法。</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps44><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>RSVP<SPAN 
class=em1>用两个基本消息类型来进行保留，它们是</SPAN>PATH<SPAN class=em1>和</SPAN>RESV<SPAN 
class=em1>消息。还有</SPAN>TEARDOWN<SPAN class=em1>、</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps45><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>RESVERR<SPAN 
class=em1>和</SPAN>PATHERR<SPAN class=em1>消息。所有</SPAN>RSVP<SPAN 
class=em1>消息都作为原始</SPAN>IP<SPAN class=em1>包发送，协议号是</SPAN>46<SPAN 
class=em1>。</SPAN>PATH<SPAN class=em1>消息</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps46><NOBR><SPAN class=ft4>92&nbsp;&nbsp;<SPAN class=em3>IP </SPAN><SPAN 
class=em6>电话技术：稳定的</SPAN><SPAN class=em3>VoIP</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em6>服务集成</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps47><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft5>文档</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> </BODY></HTML>
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