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📁 通讯类的标准。对要开发SS7的朋友有很大帮助的。（通讯协议）
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<DIV class=im4><IMG height=9 src="001_2_2.files/001_2_2_5.jpg" width=8 
border=0></DIV><!-- text starts here --><SPAN 
class=ps0><NOBR>正如普通的新技术的产生一样，<SPAN 
class=em0>VoIP</SPAN>电话的出现给我们带来了太多的术语和缩写词。如</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps1><NOBR>果您不是工作于该技术领域，要记住所有的缩写词及其含义和观点是很困难的。因此，我们</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps2><NOBR>首先用一个基本的协议栈图来显示每个标准在<SPAN 
class=em0>IP</SPAN>协议套件中的相应位置。在本书中不讨论<SPAN class=em0>IP</SPAN>、</NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps3><NOBR><SPAN class=ft1>TCP<SPAN class=em4>、</SPAN>UDP<SPAN 
class=em4>以及一般的链路层、网络层协议的细节，因为对每个这样的协议的讨论都会占用</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps4><NOBR>一整本书。即使对这些协议只有有限的了解，读者也可以继续看懂我们的讨论。如果对应用</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps5><NOBR>层信令协议的讨论部分有任何问题，那么可以从那些有该领域专业知识的人那里找到有关这</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps6><NOBR>些协议的参考资料。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps7><NOBR>图<SPAN 
class=em0>1-1</SPAN>是简化的示意图，也是<SPAN class=em0>IP</SPAN>电话中使用的基于<SPAN 
class=em0>IP</SPAN>的传输协议的参考指南。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps8><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft2>图<SPAN class=em3>1-1 &nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN>部分<SPAN 
class=em3>IP</SPAN>协议栈</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps9><NOBR>我们在调用图中给出了<SPAN class=em0>H.323</SPAN>、<SPAN 
class=em0>SIP</SPAN>、<SPAN class=em0>S/MGCP</SPAN>、<SPAN 
class=em0>RSVP</SPAN>、<SPAN class=em0>RTP</SPAN>和<SPAN 
class=em0>RTCP</SPAN>协议，以及在实时跟</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps10><NOBR>踪中捕获的包。新的信令套件中的绝大多数协议都被设计成可与同一主机或路由器上的所有</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps11><NOBR>其他网络层协议共存。但是我们在本书中将会看到，为了使提供的每项服务获得特殊的操作</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps12><NOBR>性能，对实现的限制可能导致介质流的分隔。性能问题的范围包括从简单的服务性能到服务</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps13><NOBR>的可靠性，以及可以提供给用户的特性的种类和数量。本书给出的异构呼叫处理的参考图中，</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps14><NOBR>将通过实例研究性能和其他限制。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps15><NOBR>在处理<SPAN 
class=em0>IP</SPAN>电话这个主题时，将多次涉及一些关键术语和概念。本章中要给出的最基本的</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps16><NOBR>定义是介质网关、介质网关控制器、交换机、路由器和<SPAN 
class=em0>PSTN</SPAN>。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps17><NOBR>介质网关（<SPAN 
class=em0>Media Gateway</SPAN>，<SPAN class=em0>MG</SPAN>）是通过端点和连接的集合来刻画的。<SPAN 
class=em0>MG</SPAN>是个不同形态</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps18><NOBR>的盒子，依赖于它所支持的用户、主干线和服务。<SPAN 
class=em0>MG</SPAN>是安装在客户范围内的设备，连接您选</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps19><NOBR>择的供应商提供的<SPAN 
class=em0>POTS</SPAN>电话、数据网络，以及其他多媒体服务。介质网关也有可能安装在电</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps20><NOBR>话公司的出现点（<SPAN class=em0>Points of Presence</SPAN>，<SPAN 
class=em1>POP</SPAN>）上，但是这样会限制在客户范围内提供的集成服</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps21><NOBR>务的类型。</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps22><NOBR>端点被定义成介质流的入口和出口&nbsp;。用简单的术语来说，端点是<SPAN 
class=em0>MG</SPAN>内部的软件和硬件</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps23><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft3>2&nbsp;&nbsp;<SPAN class=em2>IP </SPAN><SPAN 
class=em5>电话技术：稳定的</SPAN><SPAN class=em2>VoIP</SPAN><SPAN 
class=em5>服务集成</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps24><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft4>文档</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps25><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft5>链路层</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps26><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft6>来自“<SPAN class=em3>MEGACO</SPAN>协议的结构和要求”，<SPAN class=em3>Nancy Greene 
</SPAN>和<SPAN class=em3>Michael Ramalho</SPAN>。</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> 
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