📄 001_11.htm

📁 通讯类的标准。对要开发SS7的朋友有很大帮助的。（通讯协议）
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<DIV class=pg></DIV><!-- bitmap and vector images are written here -->
<DIV class=im0><IMG height=3 src="1_11.files/001_11_1.jpg" width=558 
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<DIV class=im3><IMG height=64 src="1_11.files/right.jpg" width=563 
border=0></DIV><!-- text starts here --><SPAN class=ps0><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>介质网关之外，由外部的呼叫控制部件控制。也就是说，呼叫由介质网关控制器（&nbsp;&nbsp;<SPAN 
class=em0>Media</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps1><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft1>Gateway Controller&nbsp;<SPAN class=em1>，</SPAN>MGC<SPAN 
class=em1>）</SPAN><SPAN class=em1>建立和控制，<SPAN 
class=em0>MGC</SPAN>是外部设备，在地理上也可以和</SPAN>MG<SPAN 
class=em1>分开。</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps2><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft1>SGCP<SPAN 
class=em1>的一个关键属性就在于它是作为分布式系统中的一个内部协议实现的，对外界好像是个</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps3><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>简单的<SPAN 
class=em0>VoIP</SPAN>网关。这意味着对外界而言，它是一个想与被<SPAN class=em0>MGC</SPAN>控制的<SPAN 
class=em0>MG</SPAN>设备建立呼叫的实</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps4><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>体，它可以感知一个<SPAN class=em0>VoIP</SPAN>系统。<SPAN 
class=em0>SGCP</SPAN>和<SPAN 
class=em0>MGCP</SPAN>支持相同的基本呼叫模型，但还是留下了很多</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps5><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>有待在发展过程中解决的细节问题。</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps6><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>这里指的是<SPAN class=em0>S/MGCP</SPAN>和<SPAN 
class=em0>NCS PacketCabel</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps7><NOBR><SPAN class=ft2>T M</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps8><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>标准，并说明了它和其他两种协议的差别。</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps9><NOBR><SPAN class=ft1>NCS<SPAN class=em1>是基于</SPAN>MGCP<SPAN 
class=em1>的。</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps10><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft1>SGCP<SPAN class=em1>和</SPAN>MGCP<SPAN 
class=em1>是无状态的协议，这个概念是整个设计方法的核心。术语“无状态”</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps11><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>（<SPAN 
class=em0>staleless</SPAN>）意味着该协议无需状态机描述两个信令实体之间的事务序列，也不保留<SPAN 
class=em0>MGC</SPAN>和介</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps12><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>质网关之间先前的事务。这点不要与呼叫状态混淆，呼叫状态保存在介质网关控制器内。</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps13><NOBR><SPAN class=ft1>MGC<SPAN 
class=em1>和介质网关之间的基本的呼叫流存在于它们的基本构造状态机中，这样在系统设计时，</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps14><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>状态管理的负担从一个部分转移到了另一个部分。</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps15><NOBR><SPAN class=ft1>1. <SPAN 
class=em3>协议基本原理</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps16><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>为了简化基本概念和机制的解释，将按照本章前面提出的参考模型缩减我们对协议的讨</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps17><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>论。协议规范的解释权威是相应的<SPAN 
class=em0>IETF</SPAN>起草文档。如果读者有意实现该协议，建议读一读该</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps18><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>文档。在本文写作的时候，<SPAN 
class=em0>MGCP</SPAN>正在起草的过程中，而<SPAN 
class=em0>NCS</SPAN>是电缆工业界的独立标准。</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps19><NOBR><SPAN class=ft1>2. MGCP<SPAN class=em3>与</SPAN>IP<SPAN 
class=em3>协议栈的关系：<SPAN class=em2>MGCP</SPAN>是基于</SPAN>UDP<SPAN 
class=em3>的应用</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps20><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft1>MGCP<SPAN class=em1>按照命令流和必须的确认执行其功能。</SPAN>MGCP<SPAN 
class=em1>负责发送</SPAN>MGCP<SPAN class=em1>命令给端点，并为每</SPAN></SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps21><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>个命令接收确认（<SPAN 
class=em0>Acknowledgement</SPAN>，<SPAN class=em0>ACK</SPAN>）。命令和应答都是<SPAN 
class=em0>ASCII</SPAN>编码的字符串。命令包</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps22><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>含一个请求动词（由接收端点执行的动作）和其他参数。如表<SPAN 
class=em0>1-2</SPAN>所示，在<SPAN class=em0>MGCP</SPAN>词汇表中有</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps23><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>八条命令。</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps24><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>备注栏中说明了哪些信令协议支持各个命令。</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps25><NOBR><SPAN class=ft3>表<SPAN class=em4>1-2 
&nbsp;&nbsp;S/MGCP</SPAN>动词</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps26><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft4>动</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps27><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft4>词</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps28><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft4>编</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps29><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft4>码</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps30><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft4>方</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps31><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft4>向</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps32><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft4>备</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps33><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft4>注</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps34><NOBR>CreateConnection</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps35><NOBR>CRCX</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps36><NOBR>MGC -&gt; 
MG</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps37><NOBR>S/MGCP/NCS</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps38><NOBR>ModifyConnection</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps39><NOBR>MDCX</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps40><NOBR>MGC -&gt; 
MG</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps41><NOBR>S/MGCP/NCS</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps42><NOBR>DeleteConnection</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps43><NOBR>DLCX</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps44><NOBR>MGC -&gt; MG <SPAN 
class=em5>或者</SPAN>MG -&gt; MGC</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps45><NOBR>S/MGCP/NCS</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps46><NOBR>NotificationRequest</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps47><NOBR>RQNT</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps48><NOBR>MGC -&gt; 
MG</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps49><NOBR>S/MGCP/NCS</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps50><NOBR>Notify</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps51><NOBR>NTFY</NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps52><NOBR>MG -&gt; MGC</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps53><NOBR>S/MGCP/NCS</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps54><NOBR>AuditEndpoint</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps55><NOBR>AUEP</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps56><NOBR>MGC -&gt; 
MG</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps57><NOBR>MGCP/NCS</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps58><NOBR>AuditConnection</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps59><NOBR>AUCX</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps60><NOBR>MGC -&gt; 
MG</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps61><NOBR>MGCP/NCS</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps62><NOBR>ReStartInProgress</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps63><NOBR>RSIP</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps64><NOBR>MG -&gt; 
MGC</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps65><NOBR>MGCP/NCS</NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps66><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>所有<SPAN 
class=em0>MGCP</SPAN>命令都有一个报头，而且可能包含其他参数，如会话描述符。会话描述符是</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> 
<SPAN class=ps67><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>一个参数集，它可以设置端点，使之产生并识别正确的介质格式。其编码遵循会话描述协议，</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps68><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>将在下一章中简要讨论该协议。</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps69><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>应答也包含一个报头，可能也有附加的参数。一些应答还可以包含会话描述符，作为协</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps70><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>商过程中建立呼叫的参数。在第<SPAN 
class=em0>2</SPAN>章和本节结尾处的简单呼叫流中可以清楚地看到会话描述符</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps71><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft0>的使用方法。报头和会话描述符用回车换行符，或者一个换行符隔开。报头和会话描述符之</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps72><NOBR><SPAN class=ft0>间必须有一个空行。</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN 
class=ps73><NOBR><SPAN class=ft6>第<SPAN class=em6>1</SPAN>章<SPAN 
class=em6>IP</SPAN>语音和交互应用的协议</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps74><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft7>11</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> <SPAN class=ps75><NOBR><SPAN 
class=ft8>文档</SPAN></NOBR></SPAN> </BODY></HTML>
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